<p>The Brownrigg-Harris-Kennebrew House  is a historic house in Columbus, Lowndes County, Mississippi.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>It is located at 515 9th Street North in Columbus, Mississippi.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>It was built in 1837 for General Richard T. Brownrigg (1793-1841), a wealthy planter who moved from Chowan County, North Carolina to Columbus, Mississippi in 1835. The architectural style is at once Federal and Greek Revival. It was built in the Federal style, as evident from the facade and the interior. After Brownrigg died, it was purchased by Thomas Harris in 1841. In 1854, a Doric portico was added. It was then purchased by the Fontaines, followed by the Kinnebrews (who owned it from 1887 to 1965), and finally the Butlers, who purchased it in 1967 and restored it.</p><br>
<p>It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since May 22, 1978. It is open for tours as a house museum on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays.</p><br>
<p>The Poppy Peak Historic District is a neighborhood and historic district located in the southwest corner of Pasadena, California. The neighborhood is located on the side of Poppy Peak, a 991 ft mountain of the San Rafael Hills. Developer William Carr platted the neighborhood in 1924. The homes in the district were designed by a number of significant Modern Movement architects. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Poppy Peak District is located in the southwestern corner of Pasadena and borders the Los Angeles neighborhoods of Eagle Rock and Highland Park. The district is roughly enclosed by La Loma Road to the north, Avenue 64 to the east, Poppy Peak Drive to the south, and the Pasadena city limits to the west.</p><br>
<p>The four main streets through the district are Poppy Peak Drive, Kaweah Drive, Pleasant Way, and Cresthaven Drive. The district is accessed via Poppy Peak Drive, which intersects La Loma Road at the foot of the mountain and connects the other three streets. The streets are steep, narrow, and winding; as a result, the neighborhood has no sidewalks and few front lawns.</p><br>
<p>The district includes 45 residential properties. 30 of these are Modernist homes which are considered contributing to the district&#39;s historical significance, while the remainder are either newer buildings, empty lots, or representative of other styles.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Poppy Peak was named by early settlers for the California poppies which grew on the mountainside. The Tongva people lived on and near the mountain prior to late 18th century Spanish colonization in the region. After the Mexican Rancho La Cañada displaced the tribe, no residential development took place on the mountain until the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>In 1924, developer William Carr purchased the mountain and platted it into residential lots; Carr himself built a house at 1516 Poppy Peak Drive. The first Modernist homes in the district were built in the 1930s; the majority were built in the 1940s and 1950s, while the latest contributing house was constructed in 1968. As of 2008, only two homes have been added to the district since the 1960s.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The thirty Modern Movement houses in the district were designed by a variety of prominent architects. Richard Neutra designed the house at 1540 Poppy Peak Drive, a post and beam house which features a characteristic "spider leg" beam extending past its south side. Two 1930s designs by Harwell Hamilton Harris are located at 1642 Pleasant Way and 1444 Poppy Peak Drive; the latter house was moved to the district in 1951 by architect Leland Evison. Several architects associated with the University of Southern California School of Architecture designed houses in the district, including James Pulliam, the three partners of Buff, Straub and Hensman, Lyman Ennis, Kenneth Nishimoto, and the aforementioned Leland Evison.</p><br>
<p>The Broadway Bridge is a historic arch bridge that spans Greenville Creek on the edge of downtown Greenville, a city in the far western part of the USA state of Ohio. Constructed in the early twentieth century, it carries one of the citys most important streets and connects the citys northern and southern sections. One of several large concrete bridges designed by a Cleveland engineer, it has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>As late as 1857, Greenville was restricted to the southeastern side of Greenville Creek; only about four or five houses were located in what has since become the northern part of the city. However, a Greenville Creek bridge existed by this time, and around it existed a smattering of industries. Like today, Broadway was an important thoroughfare, with the old courthouse occupying a place on the public square, and a dense commercial district lining both sides of the street for several blocks to the south of the square. The current courthouse was constructed in 1874, and Broadway was paved with brick in 1900 as numerous commercial buildings continued to rise along its sides. The location of the present bridge is close to the Treaty of Greenville signing grounds; construction by the bridge in the late nineteenth or early twentieth centuries revealed burials of officers from the Legion of the United States.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Constructed in 1909, the Broadway Bridge is a three-hinged arch bridge built of concrete. A single span crosses the entire stream, and a balustrade prevents vehicles and pedestrians from falling over the side into the stream. The bridges designer, A.W. Zesiger, constructed multiple three-hinged arch concrete bridges; one that spanned a creek at Brookside Park in Cleveland was once considered the worlds flattest semi-elliptical arch. These two bridges were constructed in a similar manner, although the slightly flatter Cleveland bridge was lighter and smaller than the Greenville bridge, whose location required it to carry heavier loads than a bridge placed in a park. Not long after completing the bridge in Greenville, Zesiger became known for a substantially larger structure: as the Cuyahoga County Bridge Engineer, he helped to supervise the construction of the concrete-and-steel Detroit-Superior High Level Bridge, which was completed in 1917.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>In 1996, the Broadway Bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying both because of its place in local history and because it remained a well-preserved example of early twentieth-century engineering. It is one of twelve National Register-listed locations in Greenville; among the others are the courthouse and the business district on Broadway, which has been named a historic district. Today, two state highways — State Routes 49 and 571 — cross Greenville Creek on the bridge.</p><br>
<p>The Hotel Massey  is a former hotel in the Downtown district of Bentonville, Arkansas, built in 1910 in the Renaissance Revival architectural style. The historic property replaced the Eagle Hotel, which had been on the site since 1840. Many businesses have occupied the hotels first floor, and the structure has contained the Bentonville Public Library twice. Coupled with Massey Hotels community heritage, the building&#39;s architectural style is uncommon in Arkansas, and even more rare in the Ozarks. With this duality of significance, the property was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Located at the intersection of Central Avenue (Highway 72) and A Street, the hotel is located in the Original Town plat of Bentonville, today known as Downtown Bentonville. Historically, the intersection was the junction of US Highway 71, Highway 72, and Highway 100, with US 71 turning left and following Central Avenue on its path north at the junction. As US 71 was the major through highway, the hotel was easily accessible by many travelers during its early history. US 71 was later rerouted to bypass downtown, with the A Street/Central Avenue route seeing redesignation as USA Route 71B (US 71B). This routing also has changed, with US 71B now rerouted to the west away from downtown. Even without the through traffic, the district has seen significant redevelopment upon opening of Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art north of the town square. The increased tourist traffic related to the museum has made Downtown Bentonville one of the state&#39;s most popular tourism destinations.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Massey Hotel replaced the Eagle Hotel, which had stood on the same corner since 1840. The Eagle Hotel was also a historically significant property, housing Union general Franz Sigel during the Civil War prior to the Battle of Pea Ridge. However, the property had deteriorated, containing a monument shop beginning around 1900 until it was destroyed for redevelopment as the Hotel Massey in 1908.</p><br>
<p>Construction began in February 1909, and the grand opening ceremony was held on June 28, 1910. The 240 guests were welcomed by an orchestra, with a reception and open house following the hotels opening. In November 1918, the citys first public library was established in the hotels east room. This library would later close due to a lack of funding. However, several other shops and businesses were located on the Hotel Masseys first floor, including the ticket office for the train to Rogers.</p><br>
<p>A fire in 1975 devastated the building, and it was left vacant for over a year following the fire. In 1977, Jim Walton, Sam Walton, and Helen Walton purchased the Massey Hotel building. They renovated the structure into office space, with the Bentonville Public Library on the first floor. The library opened on November 11, 1979 and operated in the Massey Hotel for 27 years, before outgrowing the historic structure and moving to its current location. The Massey Hotel also temporarily housed some Crystal Bridges works prior to the museum&#39;s opening in 2011.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The three-story brick structure displays many common elements of the restrained Second Renaissance Revival architectural style, including a fenestrated porch along Central Avenue and A Steet, stone belt course and frieze, and ornamented pediment bearing the structure&#39;s name. The porch roof is supported by round stone Romanesque columns atop rusticated granite pedestals. Above the columns are a cornice and frieze with a bracketed soffett. Both the tops of the columns and the brackets along the building wall bear acanthus leaf ornamentation. A larger-scale cornice matching the porch, brick parapet, and cast stone cap top the building.</p><br>
<p>A flat porch roof formerly housed a promenade, as indicated by two doors still present today. Inside, the former parlor and ballroom contained tile floors and pressed tin ceilings. The first floor has fixed windows with transoms, while the upper floors bear double-hung windows. All window openings bear stone lintels.</p><br>
<p>Kay-Nah-Chi-Wah-Nung National Historic Site of Canada, or Manitou Mounds, Canada&#39;s premier concentration of ancient burial mounds. Manitou Mounds National Historic Site, as it was once called, is a vast network of 30 village sites and 15 ancient burial mounds constructed from approximately 5000 BP to 360 BP which is one of the "most significant centres of early habitation and ceremonial burial in Canada." It is located on a river stretch known as Long Sault Rapids on the north side Rainy River approximately 54 km east of Fort Frances, in the Rainy River District of Northwestern Ontario, Canada off highway 11. It was designated as a National Historic Site of Canada in 1969.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The name Kay-Nah-Chi-Wah-Nung, is Ojibway and it means "place of the long rapids". Kay-Nah-Chi-Wah-Nung is also known as Manitou Mounds National Historic Site of Canada, GENWAAJIWANAANG, Rainy River Burial Mounds and Armstrong Mounds. The larger network of mounds extends from Quetico in the east through Rainy River and Lake of the Woods into south-eastern Manitoba. There are approximately 20 archaeological sites. The burial mounds are as tall as 40 ft. The national historic site of Canada consists of a "500 m-wide strip of lowland stretching 3 km along the north bank of the Rainy River in the isolated area midway between Rainy Lake and Lake of the Woods.</p><br>
<h2>Cultural and spiritual significance</h2><br>
<p>The south-facing hills overlooking the Rainy River served as an ideal location for growing, harvesting and sharing medicinal plants, with specimens brought by many First Nations peoples when they came there to trade.</p><br>
<p>The site is considered sacred to the Ojibwa, on whose traditional land it is located,</p><br>
<h2>Pre-history, pre-contact</h2><br>
<p>The Rainy River, a relatively wide, straight and peaceful river (with the exception of the fluvial terraces at Long Sault Rapids), was a major North American waterway and a superhighway for a vibrant continent-wide trading network for thousands of years.</p><br>
<p>Archaeological artefacts and sites dated at approximately 5,000 BP, provides evidence that the first residents of the area were nomadic hunters, fishers and gatherers known as Archaic people who inhabited many parts of North America, trading extensively over large areas. First Nations consider the traditional lands to have been theirs for time immemorial.</p><br>
<p>Kay-Nah-Chi-Wah-Nung has the largest concentration of burial mounds in Canada. The mounds were built on river terraces along north side of the Long Sault Rapids on Rainy River. The first mound-builders at the site were the Laurel culture (c.2300 BP - 900 BP). They lived "in villages and built large round burial mounds along the edge of the river, as monuments to their dead." Their mounds remain visible today.</p><br>
<p>The Blackduck culture (c.1200 BP to 400 BP) also built mounds along the Rainy River. The Blackduck mounds were low and linear.</p><br>
<h2>Treaty 3</h2><br>
<p>With the signing of Treaty no. 3 in 1873 to 1916, site area was homesteaded by the Rainy Lake First Nations. Evidence of cabins and farm buildings were also found from that time on the site.</p><br>
<h3>National Historic Site of Canada</h3><br>
<p>It was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1969.</p><br>
<h2>Interpretive centre and museum</h2><br>
<p>Opened in 1987, the interpretive centre showcases 10,000 years of aboriginal history. There is also a reconstructed village and tepee camp. In 1995, Parks Canada provided funds to improve the park including the construction of the Kay-Nah-Chi-Wah-Nung Historical Centre and traditional Roundhouse for visitors and the local First Nations communities. Along with a conservation lab and collection storage, the centre is also used as a meeting place for Elders. It is an educational resource for teaching Ojibway culture, continuing its role as gathering place that began thousands of years ago.</p><br>
<p>According to the Ontario Museum Association,</p><br>
<p>The museum with a futuristic design is surrounded by wilderness with resident bear and deer.</p><br>
<p>Lake Josephine, which has three distinct bodies of water connected by narrow parts of the lake that are hardly wider than channels, has a total surface area of 1,248.87 acre. Lake Josephine&#39;s south and west sides are bordered in most places by residential areas. The east shore is bordered by a mixture of residences and woods. The northeast shore is bordered by a part of Lake Josephine RV Resort and almost the entire north side of the lake is bordered by woods. Parts of the lake are swampy.</p><br>
<p>Lake Josephine has public access at three public boat ramps, all three on the south side of the lake. One is at 425 Lake Josephine Shore Road, one is at 1540 Lake Josephine Drive and one is at 2430 Oak Beach Boulevard. There are no public swimming beaches on this lake. The Hook and Bullet website says Lake Josephine contains brook trout, crappie, walleye, channel catfish and largemouth bass.</p><br>
<p>Southern Biscuit Company, also known as Interbake Foods, Inc. and Famous Foods of Virginia , is a historic factory building located in Richmond, Virginia. The original section was built in 1927, and is a six-story, reinforced concrete building. It was subsequently expanded four times through 1951. The building features a water tower and distinctive roof-top sign. The sign has three rows of letters spelling “HOME OF”, “FFV”, and “COOKIES AND CRACKERS”. The facility closed in 2006.</p><br>
<p>A 2014 renovation transformed the factory into a 178-unit apartment building. The Cookie Factory Lofts complex covers 240,000 square feet and incorporates unique features of the former bakery.</p><br>
<p>The Southern Biscuit Company Building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.</p><br>
<p>The Kleine Kalmit  is a hill, high, just outside the eastern edge of the Palatine Forest, and the Haardt range, in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. Parts of the hill have been designated as a Nature reserve bearing the same name.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Kleine Kalmit lies about 15 km south of its namesake, the high Kalmit, and about 6 km southwest of Landau outside the Haardt itself. Most of the hill, including its symbol, the little chapel on the summit dome which is visible for many miles, lies on the territory of the parish of Arzheim in the borough of Landau. Its south and southwest sides, with their vineyards, belong to the municipality of Ilbesheim. This latter area includes the only place in the Palatinate where saffron is grown.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>The Kleine Kalmit is a botanical jewel with a rich community of the rare pasque flower and is designated as a Nature reserve. Its species-rich fauna includes 87 types of spider and 43 species of butterfly.</p><br>
<p>In addition, fossils of shark&#39;s teeth and artefacts from the Stone Age have been found here.</p><br>
<p>The Middleham Hoard is a coin hoard found near Middleham, North Yorkshire in England. It dates from the period of the English Civil War, and consists of 5,099 coins, all silver. It is the largest hoard of coins buried during the Civil War to have been discovered. The hoard was discovered in June 1993 by William Caygill while using a metal detector. Though referred to as one hoard, the coins were buried in three pots in two pits. These had slightly different deposition dates; likely in the later 1640s, though the person making the deposits was probably the same. The coins are dispersed between museums and private collections, 54 of them now in the Yorkshire Museum&#39;s numismatic collection.</p><br>
<h2>Discovery and follow up</h2><br>
<p>William Caygill, a metal detector enthusiast discovered the hoard on 22 June 1993 within the grounds of Cotescue Park, on the south-west edge of the small market town of Middleham. Caygill discovered the first two pots (A and B), and returning two days later he discovered a third pot (C).</p><br>
<h2>Deposition context</h2><br>
<p>The pots were found in the grounds of Cotescue Park, which had been a royal hunting lodge, and is situated just north of the town of Coverham, about 2 km south-west of Middleham Castle. In the 17th century Cotescue Park was the seat of Sir Christopher Croft (died 1649), who was Lord Mayor of York in 1629 and 1641. Adam Loftus, 1st Viscount Loftus (c. 1568–1643), formerly Lord Chancellor of Ireland (1619–1639), lived at Coverham during the early 1640s until his death in 1643. His son, Edward Loftus, 2nd Viscount Loftus, lived in Middleham Castle until 1644, after which time the castle was put to use as a prison. Although Middleham Castle did not see any fighting during the Civil War, it was partially demolished some time after 1646 so that it could not be used as a garrison.</p><br>
<p>Two of the pots (A and B) were discovered together, and the third pot (C) was discovered about twenty paces to the west. All three pots were covered with a capstone made from local Coverdale sandstone. The latest coins in Pots A and B date to 1645–1646, suggesting a date of deposition of about 1646. Pot C includes ten shilling coins with a late portrait of Charles I that are not represented in either Pot A or Pot B; Pot C also includes a single shilling with a "sceptre" privy-mark that was in use from 1646 to 1649. These features suggest that Pot C was deposited at a slightly later date than Pots A and B, possibly in 1648. However, the physical closeness of Pot C to Pots A and B suggest that all three pots were buried by the same family.</p><br>
<h2>Containers</h2><br>
<p>The three pots in which the coins were buried in are all rather similar types of mid-seventeenth century kitchen ware. They are all handled jars that would have been used in the kitchen, and as they show no signs of being used for cooking it has been surmised that they would have been used for food storage. Pot A and Pot B are most similar, and Pot A has been definitively identified as Ryedale ware. Pot C is somewhat different from Pots A and B, and is not Ryedale ware, but comes from a different unidentified source.</p><br>
<h2>Coins</h2><br>
<p>The coins include English issues of all the monarchs between Edward VI and Charles I, Scottish and Irish coins, and those of Philip IV of Spain and his governors in the Spanish Netherlands (Archduke Albert and his wife Isabella), as well as 39 counterfeits. The total face value was over £312. Of the 5,099 coins, 4,772 were English, 31 Scottish, 10 Irish, 245 from the "Spanish possessions in Europe" (all Netherlands) and 2 from the Spanish New World.</p><br>
<p>One of the main features of the hoard is the relatively large proportion of Spanish coins. There are 247 coins from the Spanish Netherlands and Spanish America, comprising nearly 5% of the hoard by numbers, but these coins are of high value (a ducaton being worth five shillings and sixpence) and the face value of these Spanish coins is about £65, which is some 20% of the face value of the entire hoard. The circulation of Spanish coins in England during this period seems to have been largely limited to royalist areas, and they have been found in other Civil War hoards from Yorkshire, although no other hoard has such a high proportion of Spanish coins.</p><br>
<p>Another notable feature of the hoard is the inclusion of 39 counterfeit coins, most of them from Pots A and B (only six from Pot C). Most of the counterfeits are copies of contemporary English coins, but Pots A and B both include counterfeits of Spanish-American reales, which may have been counterfeited because the genuine coins were often poorly struck and would not have been very familiar to most people. Two of the three counterfeit Spanish-American coins in Pot A were cast from the same mould, and the two counterfeit Spanish-American coins in Pot B were also cast from the same mould, which suggests that the counterfeits may well have been made locally (if the counterfeits came from far away there would have been a higher degree of diversity). It is also possible that some of the counterfeit English coins were made locally, such as copy of a Charles I shilling from the York mint.</p><br>
<p>The distribution of coins in the three pots between reigns is shown in the table below.</p><br>
<p>Many of the coins had been clipped, the proportions rising as their age increased.</p><br>
<p>Jib Tunnel, also known as Lateral Passage is one of the entrances into the Gaping Gill cave system, located behind a large boulder in the north bank of Fell Beck adjacent to Gaping Gill Main Shaft. Although short, it leads to Lateral Shaft, a direct descent into Gaping Gill Main Chamber which is a popular caving route, and has had considerable significance in the history of the exploration of Gaping Gill. It lies within the designated Ingleborough Site of Special Scientific Interest.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>A short wriggle between the shakehole wall and a large boulder leads into the roomy passage. After 5 m this abruptly drops 104 m to the floor of the Main Chamber. Although a direct descent is possible, a considerable waterfall enters from Spout Tunnel 12 m below the lip, so the modern route, known as Dihedral, deviates away from this to land on a ledge some 50 m down. The route then leaves the shaft to drop down the rift above the Main Chamber, before emerging through the roof and dropping the final 30 m to the floor.</p><br>
<p>Spout Tunnel can be entered by swinging in from a rope or ladder. The passage becomes narrow, and after 37 m the main water enters down a 9 m pitch. Above this a further 3 m climb enters 49 m of passage which gets too small close to a sink in Fell Beck opposite Rat Hole Sink. Below the pitch a small passage continues for another 25 m, and is thought to drain the area just to the east of the blind valley.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Professor McKenny Hughes reported that the entrance was blocked with glacial fill until a flood in 1872, when it got washed out. He wriggled round the large boulder and reached the shaft which he estimated as being in excess of 90 m deep. In 1895 Edward Calvert, of the Yorkshire Ramblers Club, attempted to replicate Edouard Martels descent of the Main Shaft of a few weeks earlier, but failed to get beyond Birkbecks Ledge at -60 m because of the quantity of water. Looking up, he could see that the shaft divided behind a curtain. Later in the year he entered Jib Tunnel, and realised that this was the parallel shaft that he had seen, and that a man could be lowered directly to the floor of the Main Chamber from its lip. The following year, he set up a series of jibs and pulleys, and was lowered in a boatswains chair, becoming the second person to reach the Main Chamber. Jib Tunnel was used for explorations of the system until 1921, when the current system of lowering the winch from a gantry positioned across the corner of the Main Shaft was developed.</p><br>
<p>There have been three deaths in the cave. In 1982 Ted Holstead died after losing control when abseiling down the shaft. In 1989 Keith Mann died of exposure whilst prusiking up the shaft on rope. In 1995 eleven-year-old Lee Craddock wandered into Jib Tunnel and fell down the shaft to his death whilst on an outing organised by the Scouting Association.</p><br>
<p>Ryland Hall is a historic academic building located on the University of Richmond campus in Richmond, Virginia. The building was originally built for Richmond College, which together with Westhampton College became the University of Richmond in 1920. It was designed by noted architect Ralph Adams Cram and built in 1913 in the Collegiate Gothic style. The brick, stone, and concrete building consists of two parallel wings, Robert Ryland and Charles Ryland halls, set apart by a connecting loggia. The three- to four-story building features leaded glass windows with Gothic tracery, decorative concrete sculptural elements, and a gable roof with slate shingles.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<p>The Community House at 284 Bay Road in Hamilton, Massachusetts is a historic social and civic community building serving the towns of Hamilton and Wenham. The Colonial Revival brick building was built in 1921 to a design by noted Boston architect Guy Lowell, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<p>Construction of the building was made possible through the efforts and generosity of George Snell Mandell and Emily Mandell, Hamilton residents and publishers of the Boston Transcript. The Mandells and a group of Hamilton residents worked with Community Service, Inc., a national non-profit that worked to improve recreational facilities. The Mandells purchased the land, in what was then a residential area outside the Hamilton-Wenham business district, and gave it to Hamilton House, Inc., founded to hold title to the property in perpetuity.</p><br>
<p>The two story building houses an auditorium, sitting room, library, and kitchen on its first floor, and meeting rooms on the second. The basement originally held bowling lanes, a game room, and a men&#39;s lounge. Community Service of Wenham and Hamilton, Inc., which manages the building, has over the years offered a wide variety of social, recreational, and educational programs in the facility, and made it available to other community groups as meeting and function space.</p><br>
<p>The most significant changes to the building have affected the lower level. As bowling rose in popularity, additional lanes were added in a 1934 addition, and also in an adjoining building; the original lanes were converted to a shooting range for law enforcement. With the waning of bowling&#39;s popularity, the adjoining building was leased out and eventually sold after being converted to medical offices, and the 1934 addition was converted to meeting space.</p><br>
<p>The Mr. Robert Silhan House is a small-scale Streamline Moderne house in Berwyn, Illinois, United States. Thought to be constructed around 1937, it was inspired by buildings at the Century of Progress World&#39;s Fair.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Katherine Silhan acquired a plot of land as an investment in Berwyn, Illinois in 1922. At the time, Berwyn was undergoing a building boom coinciding with the Roaring Twenties. The lot was not yet connected to a road at the time of purchase, so little development initially occurred on the block. Katherine and Jerry Silhan subdivided their property into four lots in 1929. The Silhans kept one of these lots in their possession.</p><br>
<p>The date of construction is unknown. Robert and Katherine Silhan obtained a mortgage in 1934, and it is thought that this was to finance house construction. The Silhans sold their former house on Harvey Avenue on September 30, 1937, so it is thought that the Cuyler Avenue house was completed at some point around then. It was certainly constructed by 1944.</p><br>
<p>Robert Jaroslav Silhan was born in Radnice, Czechoslovakia in 1879. He met his wife Katherine there, and they immigrated to the United States in 1901. They were wed two years later. Silhan worked in a sash and door factory and built cabinets as a side job. He was active in civic affairs, serving as President of the Berwyn Improvement Association and the Social Club Radnice of Berwyn.</p><br>
<p>Ownership of the house was passed to their son Jerry at some point. Jerry Silhan sold the house outside of the family in 1977. On February 20, 2007, the house was recognized by the National Park Service with a listing on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The East Parish Meeting House, also known as the Fourth Parish Meeting House, is a historic church and meeting house at 150 Middle Road on the rural east side of Haverhill, Massachusetts. The 1-1/2 story wood frame Greek Revival building was built in 1838, replacing a previous meeting house that was built on the site in 1744. The Meeting House was used for regular services until 1906, when its congregation merged with the nearby Riverside Memorial Church. The East Parish Meeting House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011. The building is now owned by a neighborhood association.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The East Parish Meeting House is set on the west side of Middle Road in a rural part of eastern Haverhill. The building faces roughly southeast, and is a wood frame structure with a clapboarded exterior, a front-facing gable roof and a granite foundation. Four enormous windows flood the sanctuary with sunlight. The three-stage steeple tower includes a steeple box, and belfry and steeple spire which were restored in 2014. The building shows simple Greek Revival styling, with narrow corner boards and entablature, with a fully pedimented gable. The pair of entrances are the most elaborate element, with flanking pilasters rising to entablatures with a projecting cornice above each entrance. Square sash windows are located above each entrance. The interior is largely unaltered since the building&#39;s construction in 1838, with a large sanctuary and rows of bench pews, and a balcony or gallery overlooking the sanctuary. A gas-lit chandelier installed in the 19th century and oil lamps along the walls help light the building at night. Electricity is available via a pole on the property site. The property also includes the archaeological remnants of a series of carriage sheds that stood south of the main building until they were destroyed by fire in 1928.</p><br>
<p>Haverhills Fourth Parish was organized in 1743 and had its first meeting the following year. As its name implies, it was the third parish to split from Haverhills First Parish, established in 1641; the Third Parish was eventually incorporated as Methuen. The congregation was always relatively small, and did not always have a full-time minister, meeting irregularly for 20 years from the 1770s to the 1790s. Its original meetinghouse was torn down in 1838, replaced by the current building. However, funding continued to be limited, and the congregation eventually merged with the nearby Riverside Congregational Church in 1906. Many of the East Parish records were apparently lost when that church burned down. The building was maintained by the East Parish Sewing Society, which held social events in the building. The building continues to be maintained by a local non-profit community organization, and is used for occasional non-denominational religious services and is available for many other purposes.</p><br>
<p>Brothers Krstic home is located in Belgrade, at the King Milutin street no.5, since year 1973, with the status of cultural heritage. Brothers Krstic home was built in the late 19th century as a representative of a residential buildings. As there was no saved data of the architect, it was assumed, based on some elements of decoration, that the author of the project could be the architect Јован Илкић. Soon after the raising of the house, Krstic family moved in. The family were known for their two children, a renowned architects Peter and Branko.</p><br>
<p>Home of brothers Krstic is one of the few surviving small residential buildings in the territory between Terazije and Slavija Square. Petar and Branko Krstic began their careers by winning projects for the Yugoslav pavilion at the exhibition in Philadelphia in 1925, and then they were awarded for the decision about build-up Saint Sava Temple in 1927. Brothers belonged to a group of architects of the modern direction, and their common work includes dozens of designed and constructed buildings, including the palace, of the Agrarian Bank building, Church of St. Mark, and Igumans palace.</p><br>
<p>The Graham–Ginestra House is a historic residence in Rockford, Illinois, United States.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Freeman Graham, Sr. was a prominent businessman in Connecticut who served in the Connecticut General Assembly. He came to Rockford, Illinois to manage Emerson, Talcott & Company, a farm implements manufacturer in the Water Power District. He had been apprenticed in the cotton and woolen trades in the East. Graham built the first sour mash distillery in Illinois. He also co-owned the Rockford Cotton Mills. He had a home constructed in 1857 so that it would be about halfway between the two businesses (at 202 South Main and 1602–08 South Main, respectively). This made him one of the first settlers on the southwest side of Rockford. He was elected Fifth Ward Alderman in Rockford. Graham died in 1896, and his business interests were split among his three sons.</p><br>
<p>The house was instead bequeathed to his daughter, Julia, and her husband Henry S. Warner. Warner was the secretary-treasurer of the Graham Match Company. They lived in the house until 1927, when they sold it to Sicilian immigrant Leo Ginestra. Ginestra, a mechanic who owned a mobile home park, was part of the Italian community that formed in the city in the 1920s. The former Ginestra house was located in the middle of the community&#39;s commercial thoroughfare. Ginestra lived here until his death in 1978. For its role showcasing the cultural history of Rockford, the house was recognized by the National Park Service with a listing on the National Register of Historic Places on June 11, 1979.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The two-story rectangular house was built with Galena dolomite limestone. The house shows influence from the Italianate and Greek Revival styles.</p><br>
<p>The Edinburg WPA Auditorium is a historic auditorium building at 67 Main Street in Edinburg, North Dakota. The Art Deco structure was built in 1938 as part of the Works Progress Administration jobs program. It is a wood frame building two stories high, sheathed in boards to which a stucco finish has been applied. There is a central projecting section on the front facade. The upper level is a large open space which was usable for a variety of social and recreational activities, and features a well-preserved sprung wooden basketball surface, decorated with the names and logos of area high school basketball teams. The lower level was originally a utility space. The upper part of the building was originally accessed via external stairs, but these were removed in 1990, and the building&#39;s entrance was reconfigured to have split-level stairs providing access to both upper and lower levels.</p><br>
<p>The building was used as a local social center through the middle decades of the 20th century, with rollerskating being a popular pastime, and is now occupied by a hardware store. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<p>The Lysander Jacoby House, also known as Burr Heights or Richwoods, is a historic residence in Rockford, Illinois, United States. It was built for Jacoby, a lawyer who became a recluse. It was later owned by a prominent grocer and a doctor.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Lysander C. Jacoby, named after his home town of Lysander, New York, was born in 1816 and came west in 1834. He attended the Harvard Law School, graduating in the class of 1842. He was admitted to the bar the next year. He established a successful practice in Fort Wayne, Indiana and served on circuit courts. Jacoby came to Rockford, Illinois in 1862. He purchased a lot on the Rock River and built his house by 1865. Jacoby&#39;s behavior turned increasingly eccentric. He briefly practiced law with Horace Taylor, but then became a recluse. He attended the Second Congregational Church, but otherwise spent his time in his house with his family and large library. Jacoby died on September 30, 1900 and was buried in Rockford. His daughter Lillian taught drawing and painting at Rockford College.</p><br>
<p>Charles D. Burr acquired the house the year of Jacoby&#39;s death. He was a co-founder of Burr Brothers, a chain of grocers in Northern Illinois and Southern Wisconsin. They renamed the house Burr Heights and redesigned the landscape to make it one of the most attractive locations in Rockford. Burr lived in the house until 1919, when it was sold to Dr. Robert C. Bourland. A prominent local family, the Bourlands occasionally entertained Clarence Darrow in their house. The house was recognized by the National Park Service with a listing on the National Register of Historic Places on March 5, 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Thomas J. and Caroline McClure House is a historic house in McClure, Illinois. The Queen Anne style house was built in 1882 for farmers Thomas J. and Caroline McClure. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 15, 1996.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Thomas J. and Caroline McClure, who married in 1853, were both farmers and agricultural businesspeople. The couple took up residence in the village, then known as Clear Creek, where they kept a store, a lumber mill, a flour mill, a blacksmith shop, and 3,000 acre of farmland. The couple primarily grew wheat on their land, which led to the community changing its name to Wheatland in 1887. In addition to their business pursuits, the couple raised seven children.</p><br>
<p>In 1882, the McClures commissioned a new house for their family. Thomas McClure died before the house was completed, but Caroline lived in the home until her death in 1918. The couples son J. T., whose family lived in the house until 1946, was a successful farmer and livestock raiser. J.T. McClure also served as the villages postmaster and had the village&#39;s name changed to McClure in 1895. As of the 1990s, the house was still owned and occupied by descendants of the McClure family.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The McClure house was designed in the Queen Anne style, which was popular nationally in the early 1880s; it also features some elements of the Italianate style. The house is mainly built of red brick, with a sandstone foundation and wooden decorations. A porch runs the length of the front side of the house and wraps around the northeast corner. A gable with a sunburst pattern sits over the porch at the front entrance. The double entrance doors are topped by a stained glass transom. An additional porch is located on the second story directly above the entrance.</p><br>
<p>A large gable is located on the left side of the front facade. The gable is decorated with a patterned belt course, fishscale shingles, and sunburst patterns on either side of the main window. Another gable, also decorated with sunburst patterns, is located on the northwest corner of the house. A projecting three-sided bay of windows spans both stories on the house&#39;s east side. A square cupola sits at the peak of the hip-and-gable roof, while two dormers protrude from the north and west sides of the roof. The roof is also topped by four tall, rectangular brick chimneys and a smaller square chimney which was likely a later addition.</p><br>
<p>The West Broad Street Industrial and Commercial Historic District is a national historic district located at Richmond, Virginia. The district encompasses 29 contributing buildings and 1 contributing object built between 1902 and the 1930s. The District is characterized by a variety of architectural styles, including large industrial vernacular buildings, standard post-1900 commercial storefronts, and a large Modern-style department store. The majority of the buildings are two-to-four stories in height and are composed of brick with stucco, stone and metal detailing. Notable buildings include Putney Shoe Factory , C.F. Sauer Headquarters , L.H. Jenkins Book Manufactory , Virginia School Supply Company , the Coca-Cola Bottling Plant , and the former Sears department store . Located in the district is the separately listed Atlantic Motor Company.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<p>The Three Chopt Road Historic District is a national historic district located at Richmond, Virginia. The district encompasses 90 contributing buildings, 4 contributing sites, and 4 contributing structures located west of downtown Richmond. The primarily residential area developed starting in the early-20th century as one of the city’s early “streetcar suburbs.” The buildings are in a variety of popular late-19th and early-20th century architectural styles including frame bungalows, Colonial Revival, Tudor Revival, and Mission Revival. There are a remarkable group of unusually large, architect-designed houses and churches. Notable non-residential buildings include St. Bridget’s Catholic Church  and St. Stephen’s Episcopal Church. Located in the district is the separately listed Green&#39;s Farm .</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.</p><br>
<p>The Forest Hill Historic District is a national historic district located at Richmond, Virginia. The district encompasses 1,106 contributing buildings and 5 contributing structures located south of downtown Richmond. The primarily residential area developed starting in the early-20th century as one of the city’s early “streetcar suburbs.” The buildings are in a variety of popular late-19th and early-20th century architectural styles including frame bungalows, Colonial Revival, Tudor Revival, and Mission Revival. The buildings in Forest Hill</p><br>
<p>exemplify a high quality of materials in their construction. Brick is the dominant building material. Notable non-residential buildings include Forest Hill Presbyterian Church; Good Shepherd Episcopal Church; and Forest Hill Church of Christ.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.</p><br>
<p>The Kinsman Range, also known as the Cannon–Kinsman Range, is located in the White Mountains of New Hampshire in the United States. The highest point in the north-south range is 4,358 ft Kinsman Mountain, followed by the 4,293 ft North Peak of Kinsman, and 4,080 ft Cannon Mountain, one of the richest in rock climbing routes in the Whites. All are official "Four-thousand footers". 3,478 ft Mount Wolf is on the crest of the range south of Kinsman Mountain. Rounding out the range is 2,470 ft Bald Peak on the west side of Kinsman Mountain.</p><br>
<p>To the northeast, the range is connected by The Cannon Balls ridge to Cannon Mountain. The southwest end of the range is at Kinsman Notch, a 1,870 ft mountain pass and westernmost of the White Mountains&#39; four major notches. The 16.9 mi Kinsman Ridge Trail traverses the entire range from Kinsman Notch to the north base of Cannon Mountain in Franconia Notch. The Appalachian Trail follows the Kinsman Ridge Trail from Kinsman Notch to just north of the North Peak of Kinsman, where it turns east to Lonesome Lake before descending into the southern end of Franconia Notch.</p><br>
<p>The range is located in Grafton County, near the town of Lincoln. Its west side drains into Long Island Sound via the Gale River, Ammonoosuc River, and Connecticut River, the east into the Gulf of Maine via the Pemigewasset River and Merrimack River.</p><br>
<p>The Charles H. Hayes Building is a historic former box factory at 14-44 Granite Street, Haverhill, Massachusetts. Built in two phases , the building represents the city&#39;s industrial growth around the turn of the 20th century. It was built by Charles H. Hayes, whose business empire also included locally important shoe manufacturers, as well as forest lands in four states to supply his operations. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Hayes Building is located on the south side of Granite Street, between Railroad Square and Essex Street, and just north of the shoe manufacturing district of Washington Street in downtown Haverhill. The eastern section of the building, built in 1894, is a six-story structure with Queen Anne styling, built out of red brick with terra cotta, brick, and granite trim and decorative elements. It is ten bays wide and eight deep. Abutting to the west is a seven-story structure built out of buff brick with concrete detailing. The two buildings have been joined together since an early date, with a single entrance and connections between their floors.</p><br>
<p>The building was built for Charles H. Hayes, a leading shoe manufacturer in Haverhill. The box factory established on the premises provided packing supplies for Haverhill&#39;s shoe factories. Hayes and a partner had purchased an earlier box maker located on Granite Street in 1884, which business Hayes became sole proprietor of in 1892. In addition to his operations in Haverhill, Hayes owned a factory in Farmington, New Hampshire, as well as numerous sawmills. His business operations were reported to extend as far south as Delaware and New Jersey.</p><br>
<p>The first portion of the present building was construction in 1894 to a design by Josiah M. Littlefield, a leading Haverhill architect. The business was expanded in 1911, with a major addition designed by George W. Griffin. The Hayes Company operated on the premises until c. 1941, leasing out portions of the building as its business declined. The building was then occupied by Western Electric until 1954. Thereafter it housed only a few small tenants, and was largely vacant. The property has since been rehabilitated and converted to residential use.</p><br>
<p>The Charles Lundberg House, also known as the Old Stone Mansion, the Byron C. Marlowe Center of Philanthropy, and The Community Foundation of Northern Illinois, is a historic building in Rockford, Illinois, United States.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Charles J. Lundberg was born in Kirkland, Illinois in 1871. He attended school at the Rockford Business College and decided to permanently settle in Rockford. He learned the furniture trade, working as a machine room operator, bookkeeper, and salesperson for various local furniture makers. Lundberg eventually amassed enough wealth to invest in a few companies. He founded and was the first president of the Co-operative Furniture Company; The Empire, Ltd., and the Rockford World Furniture Company.</p><br>
<p>Lundberg was vice president of the National Furniture Association of America for two terms. Outside of the industry, Lundberg was also the director of the Rockford Life Insurance Company and Commercial National Bank. He served as an alderman for nine years and briefly was the city&#39;s purchasing agent. He was named to the board of Rockford College and served for five years. Lundberg also served terms as president of the Rockford Board of Education and Rockford Symphony Orchestra. Lundberg lived in his 1915 house until the 1940s, when he moved to California.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Frank A. Carpenter was named architect for the house. The house is generally Georgian in character with its two symmetrical wings, large front porch, dormers, and side-gabled roof. The building includes American Craftsman details, such as deep eaves, casement windows, and glazed brick.</p><br>
<p>The L.H. Hamel Leather Company Historic District encompasses the largest tract of intact historical industrial buildings in downtown Haverhill, Massachusetts. The monumental factory complex of the L.H. Hamel Leather Company is located just west of Haverhill&#39;s central business district, and is roughly bordered on the west by the right-of-way for the former Boston & Maine Railroad, Essex Street on the south, Locke Street and Duncan Street on the east, and Winter Street on the north. The complex, which was built up between 1886 and 1929, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>The oldest building is a brick warehouse whose central portion was built c. 1886, followed by extensions in c. 1910 and c. 1950. It was at first used by wholesale grocery suppliers before becoming associated with the leatherworks of the early 20th century, and is a reminder of smaller-scale 19th century industrial activity in the area. Between 1911 and 1916 a complex of three eight story concrete buildings was constructed on Essex Street by the Haverhill Building Trust, an consortium of local business leaders. These buildings added 30 acre of manufacturing floor space, and more than $1 million to the citys tax rolls. The premises were leased to companies involved in the manufacture of shoes, the citys dominant industry.</p><br>
<p>The Hamel Company did not immediately figure in these buildings&#39; history. Louis Hamel opened his business in the 1910s as a young man, in premises on Washington Street. His business grew rapidly, and in 1923 he moved a tanning operation into 20,000 ft&sup2; the Tilton Building at 115-117 Essex Street, and eventually took over the entire building. A one story brick addition was added to the building for the Hamel Company in 1928-29. Hamel was an early tenant, however, in the Essex Associates Building at 109-113 Essex Street, a brick eight story structure built 1914-15 to a design by Damon Brothers architects, and providing a distinctive offset to the adjacent lighter-colored concrete buildings. Hamel used these buildings to produce shoe manufacturing equipment, developing innovations he licensed to other manufacturers.</p><br>
<p>By 1940 Hamel occupied space in all four buildings, as well as the Shoe and Leather Associates Building at 98-112 Essex Street. In 1941 Hamel purchased the Pentucket Associates Building, 10 Duncan Street, and expanded operations for leather coats into some of that space, leasing the rest out. Over the rest of the decade the company acquired most of the remaining buildings in the district.</p><br>
<p>After the company began closing down operations at the complex in 1973, some buildings were demolished, while others have been rehabilitated and repurposed. The Lang and Burgess Buildings (151 and 143-45 Essex) were converted to offices, while the Tilton, Essex Associates, Pentucket Associates, and other buildings were converted to residences.</p><br>
<p>Rockford Elk&#39;s Lodge #64 is a historic building in Rockford, Illinois, United States originally used by a chapter of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. It is individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is also part of the West Downtown Rockford Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks chapter in Rockford, Illinois was founded in 1887. They met until they disbanded in 1893. In 1901, the group re-organized and was granted a charter as lodge #64 the next year. They originally met in the Winnedbago Lodge Room of the Nelson House hotel. In 1908, Phillip Smith appointed a committee to examine the possibility of constructing a permanent home for the organization. In February of the next year, the lodge purchased the lot at the corner of North Main and Peach (now Jefferson) Streets.</p><br>
<p>Lawrence P. Buck of Chicago was selected as the architect; it is unknown why he was chosen. It was constructed over seventeen months, opening on February 7, 1913. An addition was built in 1929 to house a swimming pool, gymnasium, dining room, and bachelor quarters. The lodge used the building until 1990, when it was sold due to dwindling membership. It sat vacant for fourteen years, when it was donated to The Abilities Center, Goodwill Industries. The building was recognized by the National Park Service with a listing on the National Register of Historic Places on February 28, 2005. On September 5, 2007, the building was also listed as a contributing property to the West Downtown Rockford Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Merrimack Associates Building is a historic factory building at 25 Locust Avenue in Haverhill, Massachusetts. The eight story brick building, built in 1913, is one of a few industrial buildings to survive redevelopment of the area north of Haverhills main business district. It was designed by architect Damon Brothers, who also designed the nearby Haverhill Board of Trade Building. Both of these buildings were built as essentially speculative ventures to provide factory space for small businesses associated with the shoe manufacturing business that dominated Haverhills economy in the first few decades of the 20th century. By the 1940s the building was occupied by other tenants, most notably Western Electric, which occupied the entire building in 1946. Ownership of the building came to the Hamel family in 1943, which owned the building through a series of trusts until 1986. The property has since been rehabilitated and converted to residential use.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>Greenwood Cemetery is a 100 acre cemetery in Rockford, Illinois. Founded in 1852, it is the largest and oldest in the city. The Greenwood Cemetery Chapel and Crematory was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1838, the first burial occurred in Rockford, Illinois, shortly after the settlement was founded. A man drowned in the Rock River and his body was buried on a plot which is now near the intersection of Cedar and Winnebago Streets. The daughter of Germanicus Kent was buried nearby, making it the first city burial ground. In the early 1840s, a new area was briefly used for burials on the south side of State Street. In 1844, the property was exchanged for two lots on the north bank of Kents Creek. It was chartered the next year as the Rockford Cemetery Association. After another cemetery was chartered in 1853, the Rockford Cemetery Associations land became known as the West Side Cemetery.</p><br>
<p>In 1852, the Galena and Chicago Union Railroad connected to Rockford and needed to use the lands of the West Side Cemetery. The cemetery moved to the northeast corner of Main and Auburn Streets. It was officially incorporated on June 23, 1852. The land was selected because it was 1.5 mi north of the business district and thus safe from another forced relocation. An additional 17 acre were purchased from D. C. Littlefield in 1879.</p><br>
<h3>Chapel and crematory</h3><br>
<p>In 1887, the cemetery decided to build a chapel to provide shelter for services during inclement weather. The chapel was designed by Henry Lord Gay in the Richardsonian Romanesque style. Its tower was meant to resember a Roman War Tower. A 7 ft onyx was installed, engraved with the named of those who died in combat. The chapel may have served as a war memorial until Memorial Hall was constructed downtown in 1903.</p><br>
<p>By the 1920s, cremation had gained popularity as an alternative to burial. Frank B. Gibson was commissioned to design a crematory addition for the chapel. The first cremation occurred on October 20, 1921. After the crematory opened, the cemetery board of trustees decided to change the name to Greenwood Cemetery. On August 28, 2012, the chapel and crematory was recognized by the National Park Service with a listing on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Notable burials</h2><br>
<p>Ross Barnes, baseball player</p><br>
<p>William Bebb, 19th Governor of Ohio</p><br>
<p>James Henry Breasted, archaeologist</p><br>
<p>John T. Buckbee, USA Representative</p><br>
<p>Stan Campbell, football player</p><br>
<p>Edward F. W. Ellis, member of California State Assembly</p><br>
<p>Julia Lathrop, social reformer</p><br>
<p>William Lathrop, USA Representative</p><br>
<p>John Henry Manny, inventor</p><br>
<p>Loyd Wheaton, Medal of Honor recipient</p><br>
<p>The Garrison School is a historic school building in Rockford, Illinois, United States. The oldest surviving school building in the city, the original building opened in 1887.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first school sessions in Rockford, Illinois were held in a log cabin starting in 1837. Until 1855, all education in Rockford was handled through private school. Prompted by a new state law in 1855, the city built its first public schools. The first schoolhouse, named Kent School, opened in 1857. Initially split into two districts, one on each side of the Rock River, the districts were consolidated in 1883. The first high school, Rockford Central, opened in September 1884.</p><br>
<p>Garrison School was built in 1887 to serve the booming west side residential district. The building was designed by George Bradley & Son, a prominent local architectural firm. It was named after Thomas Garrison, one of the early real estate developers of the district who died in 1871. Upon its completion, the school already struggled to meet the demands of the growing district. It was doubled in size in 1892 and other schools were opened to meet the needs. The first four principals were women. A gymnasium was added in 1920. Another addition, a one-story octagon, was completed in 1969. On February 9, 2006, the building was recognized by the National Park Service with a listing on the National Register of Historic Places. When the Garrison–Coronado–Haskell Historic District was established on January 12, 2012, the Garrison School was considered a contributing property.</p><br>
<p>The School Street School is a historic school building at 40 School Street in Haverhill, Massachusetts. The brick three story building was designed by Joseph P. Richards and built in 1856. Stylistically it is a mixture of a number of popular revival styles of the mid 19th century. The building is located on a hill, and appears from some elevations to only have two stories. Its main entrances are located inside round brownstone arches, a typical Romanesque Revival feature. Its roof line features a deep, bracketed cornice, a typical Italianate feature. The bays of the north and south elevations are separated by decorated brick pilasters, a Greek Revival element. The building has a shallow hip roof which was originally topped by a cupola .</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>The Nahant Life-Saving Station is a historic coastal rescue station at 96 Nahant Road in Nahant, Massachusetts. The station, which consists of a residence and an equipment building, was established in 1900 by the United States Life-Saving Service before being taken over by the United States Coast Guard in 1915. The station was discontinued in 1964, and the facilities were converted recreational use by the Coast Guard. In 1999 the 1.4 acre parcel was turned over to the Town of Nahant. The station, one of twelve such surviving facilities in the state, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The town of Nahant is located on a tied island connected to the south shore of Cape Ann by a sandy north-south causeway. Near the southern end of this causeway there is an eastward projection known as Little Nahant. The Nahant Life-Saving Station is located on the east side of the causeway between Little Nahant and the rest of Nahant. The main station house is an imposing two-story wood frame structure, with a square tower at the southwest corner. The building is in the Shingle style, with a hip roof that is pierced by hip-roof dormers and a large cross-gabled section. The front facade has two inset porches with Tuscan columns at the sides. The interior of the building was originally arranged with the keepers residence in the north, crew quarters in the south, and a boat and equipment storage area in the center. The east facade has two pairs of double-doors for moving boats out to Nahant Bay to the east, while the west side has a single double door (between the porches) for launching boats to the west. This structure was built in 1900 by the United States Life-Saving Service to a design by Victor Mendeleff. To the main stations southeast is an equipment building, essentially a four-bay garage with Colonial Revival details; it was built in 1938 by the Coast Guard.</p><br>
<p>The stations was established in 1900, and was one of 33 such stations built in the state. It is the only one that appears to not have been built to a standard plan, and is one of only twelve to survive in any significant form. It was in service until 1964, longer than any other in the state except for the Point Allerton Station (which is now a museum). The Coast Guard converted the building to a recreational facility in 1964, and in 1999 turned it over to the town. The town has restored the building to its appearance c. 1915.</p><br>
<p>The Cairo Historic District is a historic district encompassing a large section of Cairo, Illinois. The district is roughly bounded by Park, 33rd, Sycamore, 21st, Cedar, and 4th Streets and the Ohio River; it includes most areas of Cairo developed by 1890, save for two sections which are almost entirely renovated or deteriorated. The district includes roughly 980 buildings, including both commercial and residential areas. Cairo served as a transportation and trade center in the 1800s due to its location at the confluence of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers and its status as the southern terminus of the Illinois Central Railroad. However, the city suffered severe population decline and urban decay in the 20th century, and even by the 1970s, parts of the district were described as "beginning to assume the appearance of a ghost town".</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 26, 1979.</p><br>
<p>St Matthews Anglican Church is a heritage-listed church at Beatrice Street, Drayton, once a town but now a suburb of Toowoomba in Toowoomba Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by James Marks and built from 1886 to 1887 by Seath, Hobart and Watson. It is also known as St Matthews Church of England and is the second church of that name in Drayton. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>St Matthew&#39;s Church of England is a small bluestone church constructed in 1886-7 to the design of James Marks and is the second church of this name in Drayton. It is complemented by a timber hall built in 1913 and a rectory built in 1902-1903, both of which were moved to this site in 1930.</p><br>
<p>The site is part of a continuing tradition of Anglican worship established during the first years of European settlement on the Darling Downs. Initially the Downs were part of New South Wales and fell within the Diocese of Newcastle. The Reverend John Gregor visited the area, holding services in camps and private homes from 1840 until his death in 1848. The energetic Reverend Benjamin Glennie succeeded him and in 1850 was appointed the first Incumbent for the Darling Downs, having previously made yearly trips to the area. His first service on the Darling Downs was held in the parlour of the Royal Bulls Head Inn at Drayton in 1848, there being no church on the Darling Downs. In 1850, Glennie arranged for a parsonage to be constructed on land he had purchased on what is now Rudd Street. Glennie also used the parsonage for church services. By this time, the focal point of activity on the Downs was swinging some six kilometres northwards to an area known as "The Swamp", later to become Toowoomba. Glennie approached his Bishop for permission to buy land for a church there. He envisioned four churches, each dedicated to one of the evangelists, in the four major towns of the Downs. This he eventually accomplished with St Lukes, Toowoomba (1856), St Marks, Warwick (1857), St Matthews, Drayton (1859) and St John&#39;s, Dalby (1866).</p><br>
<p>The first St Matthew&#39;s church constructed at Drayton was a simple slab building, the erection of a church proper being delayed by the cessation in 1852 of state aid for the construction of church buildings. In February 1853 Glennie sought permission to collect subscriptions for buildings at Drayton, Warwick, Dalby and Toowoomba on his tours throughout his parish. In April 1856 two acres of land north of the parsonage were acquired and the first service was held in the new church on 23 January 1859. The building was denounced by the Brisbane Courier as "neither pretty nor an ornament to the town" and the congregation was criticised for failing to support the building of a better quality church. Nevertheless, it served as a place of worship for many years being enlarged in the late 1860s.</p><br>
<p>By 1884 the church had again become too small and it was agreed to build a new one. On the advice of the architect, James Marks, a hilltop site with better conditions for the foundations was acquired for the new church. After considering costs in several different materials, it was decided to build a stone church and the tender for £850 by builders Seath, Hobart and Watson was accepted on 26 March 1886. The foundation stone was laid on 16 August by Bishop William Webber in company with the Hon William Henry Groom, Mayor of Toowoomba and Rev. J. McCleverty, incumbent of Drayton at the time.</p><br>
<p>The architect for the new church was locally based and the founder of a remarkable family firm of architects which had a lasting effect on the appearance of Toowoomba, being responsible for a large number of public, private and commercial buildings. James Marks arrived in Queensland in 1866 and first set up in practice in Dalby, moving to Toowoomba in 1874. He entered into partnership as James Marks and Son with his eldest son Harry, who joined his fathers practice in 1903, and was to later work on the rectory, and Reginald who joined in 1910. Charles Marks, James grandson, also worked as an architect in Toowoomba.</p><br>
<p>In order to reduce costs as much as possible, the church was built with a timber chancel and was dedicated on 22 December 1887. The original bell had been replaced in 1880 with a larger and heavier one purchased from Brisbane for £18 and in August 1889 it was suggested that the belfry should be removed and the bell placed on the porch of the new church, to which a sandstone bell turret was added. By 1892 this and a temporary vestry were completed.</p><br>
<p>The original church was used as a Sunday school and in 1901 was taken down, moved slightly and rebuilt, the shingles being replaced by corrugated iron. In 1903 a new rectory was built opposite the original church site to the design of William Hodgen, another noted Toowoomba architect and founder of an architectural dynasty, who undertook work throughout southern and western Queensland.</p><br>
<p>By 1910 it was apparent that the weight of the turret and bell were causing structural damage to the porch of the church. To strengthen it, the north and south sides of the porch were closed in and the bell was removed to the present free-standing bell tower.</p><br>
<p>In 1913, a new Sunday School hall was built on the old site. It included flooring from the demolished former St Matthew&#39;s church and re-used its 1901 roofing.</p><br>
<p>Between 1923 and 1935 the Reverend Samuel Atherton was Rector at St Matthews and was responsible for a series of major projects to improve and extend the church. In 1930 the rectory and hall were moved from the old site and relocated close to St Matthews. In the process the rectory was made more convenient by relocating the previously detached kitchen, pantry and bathroom. Plans for this were drawn up by Harry Marks.</p><br>
<p>In 1933 extensive work was undertaken to remove the old timber sanctuary and replace it in bluestone as originally intended. Between 1933 and 1935 this was panelled and other works were carried out including the removal of the bell turret from the porch. Various items were donated to the church following its extension, including the door knocker from the Royal Bull&#39;s Head Inn at Drayton, which was placed on the vestry door. The two palms at the front of the church were planted on 20 April 1935 in memory of Mr and Mrs Searle. In spite of the severe financial strictures of the Depression, the work was paid for in full by May 1934, a remarkable achievement. The contribution made to the parish by Rev. Atherton is remembered in the name of the park opposite the church.</p><br>
<p>In 1986 repair work was undertaken for the centenary of the church including the replastering and painting of the interior. In 1987 the temporary timber vestry was replaced in masonry. Around the same time many parishioners took part in a working bee to refurbish the rectory, which had previously undergone extensive work in the 1950s and 1960s as an alternative to building new accommodation. Further work was carried out in 1995 and the house is no longer in use as a rectory. The timber hall remains and is in use. The site of the original church, on the corner of Cambooya and Rudd Streets, Drayton, is now marked by a cairn.</p><br>
<h2>Rectors</h2><br>
<p>Rectors of St Matthew&#39;s include:</p><br>
<p>1861-1863: Vincent Ransome, son-in-law of Drayton pioneer, Thomas Alford</p><br>
<p>1923-1935: Samuel Atherton</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>St Matthew&#39;s Church is located on the highest ground in Drayton, the grounds also containing a free standing bell tower and timber Sunday School building.</p><br>
<p>It is a four bay stone church comprising nave, porch, sanctuary and vestry. It has a gabled roof clad in corrugated iron with gabled vents to the sanctuary roof. The walls are of hammer dressed square rubble bluestone laid in random courses. The vestry is built of basalt sandstone and has a flat roof concealed by a parapet. Facings to gable capping, buttresses, doors and windows are Murphy&#39;s Creek sandstone and there is an arched entry porch also in sandstone. This has a concrete floor and is reached by sandstone steps. Windows are lancets, some with decorated glass.</p><br>
<p>The interior is painted plaster and the nave has an open, timbered ceiling supported by king posts and hammer beams. The floors are timber and that in the sanctuary is raised above the level of the nave. The sanctuary has timber panelled walls and a segmental timber vault.</p><br>
<p>The church is surrounded by palm trees and a low wall has been constructed at the front in the same bluestone as the church walls.</p><br>
<p>The hall is to the north west and is a simple timber building with a gable roof clad in corrugated iron and a central gabled porch entry on the long axis. At the rear, a skillion roofed extension runs the length of the building. The windows are lancets and a triplet at the short axis has decorated glass.</p><br>
<p>The former rectory is set back from the corner of Cambooya and Glennie Streets and is a single-storey timber house on low stumps with a roof clad in corrugated iron. It is approached through a gabled porch and a small open verandah. A central hall opens onto bedrooms on the left and a drawing room with a corner fireplace on the right. At the rear of the house the hall opens onto a service area comprising laundry and study. There is also a kitchen wing at the rear that has a separate hipped roof suggesting that it may have been adapted from a detached kitchen. It contains a dining area, kitchen, pantry and bathroom. The verandah to Glennie Street has been built in as a sun room.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>St Matthews Church of England was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>St Matthews is associated with the early development of Drayton and of the Anglican church in Queensland, being the oldest parish on the Darling Downs. It is the second church of this name in Drayton, replacing a timber slab church and illustrates the growth of the area. The Sunday school hall on site was built in 1913 and incorporates material from the original 1859 church. The rectory, originally built in 1902-3 reflects in its adaptations and additions the changing needs of generations of rectors.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&apos;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>The stonework of St Matthews is well constructed and the building is a rare example of a church built in the local bluestone.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The stonework of St Matthews is well constructed and the building is a rare example of a church built in the local bluestone.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>The site has had strong links with the Anglican community of the parish for many years.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>St Matthew&#39;s Church has strong associations with the life and work of James Marks, one of a family of prominent architects in Toowoomba. It is also an outcome of the work of the Reverend Benjamin Glennie, an important figure in history of Drayton/Toowoomba who laid the foundations for the development of the Church on the Darling Downs and with subsequent Rectors of the church, especially Rev. S. Atherton.</p><br>
<p>The Sumner&ndash;White Dipping Vat is a historic concrete cattle dipping vat in Ashley County, Arkansas. It is located about four miles northeast of the intersection</p><br>
<p>of USA Highway 82 and County Road 69, half a mile in the woods northeast of the Sumner-White Hunt Club. The vat is a concrete structure about 27 ft long, 4 ft wide, and 7 ft deep. A U-shaped concrete structure, built about the same time, stands about 2 ft from the vat, near where cattle would have exited the vat. It was probably built c. 1915, when a statewide program was initiated for the eradication of Texas tick fever. The facilities were likely used until the program came to an end in 1943.</p><br>
<p>The vat and associated U-shaped structure were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>St Mark&#39;s Anglican Church is a heritage-listed church at 55 Albion Street, Warwick, Southern Downs Region, Queensland, Australia. It is the second church of that name on that site. It was designed by Richard George Suter and built in 1868 by John McCulloch. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>St Mark&#39;s Anglican Church was constructed to designs of prominent Brisbane architect, Richard George Suter from 1868 as the second of the Anglican Churches in Warwick on this site.</p><br>
<p>In January 1848, Benjamin Glennie arrived in Sydney in the party of Dr William Tyrrell, first Bishop of Newcastle (whose diocese included all of present-day Queensland). Tyrrell appointed Glennie as deacon to the Moreton Bay district in 1849. Although to be based in Brisbane, Glennie had also to travel Ipswich and to the Darling Downs for services. On 20 August 1848, Glennie presided over the first service of the Church of England on the Darling Downs at the Royal Bulls Head Inn at the town Drayton (now a suburb of Toowoomba). On 29 July 1850, Tyrrell appointed Glennie as the vicar for the Darling Downs, to be resident at Drayton, in the parish of St. Matthews.</p><br>
<p>By the end of 1850, Glennie had built a slab hut with a shingle roof as his parsonage at Drayton with two of the rooms being used for the church. Glennie decided to establish the (then) Church of England on the Darling Downs by building four churches named after the four apostles: Matthew, Mark, Luke and John in the four developing towns on the Darling Downs: Drayton, Warwick, Toowoomba and Dalby respectively.</p><br>
<p>The first Anglican service in Warwick was held in about 1848, and services continued in the temporary accommodation offered by the old Court House in Alice Street until 1858 when Glennie organised for a timber church to be constructed on the site of the present stone building in Grafton Street. This first church was a simple slab structure with nave and transepts, covered by a shingled roof. The building was constructed at a cost of &pound;329/10/0 and was built by John Niblock and John Thompson. At this time the parish did not own the land, but it had been set aside for Church of England use according to a Survey Plan dated 1856. It was not until March 1872 that the land was actually granted to the Corporation of the Synod of the Diocese of Brisbane by the Governor of Queensland.</p><br>
<p>In 1860, Glennie was appointed Rector of Warwick. It was during Glennies time in Warwick that the decision was made to construct a more permanent church building. The architect chosen for the building was Brisbane-based Richard George Suter. John McCulloch was the contractor of this early section of the present building with the stone being quarried from Bishop of Brisbane Edward Tuffnells Sidling Quarries. The foundation stone of the present sandstone church was laid by Tuffnell on 19 March 1868. The original building consisted of a short nave, transepts, chancel and a small octagonal vestry in the corner of the chancel and southern transept. A broach spire surmounted the intersection of the nave of the church and the transepts and the roof was of timber shingles. The original timber church was retained as a parish hall until it was demolished in 1910.</p><br>
<p>The Queenslander of 2 May 1874 indicates that additions were made to church, and from early photographs these additions are thought to have been the extension of the nave, the addition of transept porches and the insertion of stained glass to the western end of the building.</p><br>
<p>In 1938-1939 substantial alterations were undertaken to designs of Brisbane architect Lange Leopold Powell, tenders were called on 6 August 1938 and the tender of H Sanlan and Son for &pound;8500 was accepted. These alterations, which were carried out in similar sandstone to that of the earlier building, included the flanking of the chancel with similar sized gabled structures, in the corners between the chancel and the transepts - one to serve as a vestry and the other as a chapel extension. The nave was extended at this time and the base of a tower was built at the western end of the building.</p><br>
<p>The 1938 plans also included Queensland&#39;s first columbarium wall.</p><br>
<p>Lange Powell died before the job was completed and construction was then supervised by Dods and Thorpe Architects of Brisbane. An extension, faced with concrete scoured to resemble the stonework of the body of the church, was added to the tower in 1962.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>St Mark&#39;s Anglican Church is a sandstone building located on the intersection of Grafton and Albion Streets, Warwick. The building conforms to a traditional cruciform plan, with additions in the corners of the chancel and transepts, and a tower abutting the western end of the nave, adjacent to the entrance.</p><br>
<p>The building is constructed of coursed sandstone blocks, from the Sidling Quarry, with picked surfaces. Window reveals and sills, tracery, carvings and buttress facings are all of smooth faced sandstone. Encircling the whole building, two courses from ground level, is a course of projecting rock-faced stonework, approximately half the height of the sandstone blocks. The various stages of construction of the church are manifest in slight variations in the colour and wearing of the stonework.</p><br>
<p>The (modern) Colorbond roof of the building, is gabled over the transepts, nave and chancel, with discrete gables over the infill sections between the chancel and transepts on the eastern end.</p><br>
<p>Entrance is gained to the church from the western elevation, which addresses not a street but a driveway from Grafton Street. The projecting entrance porch is surrounded by a concrete stair of three steps. Three pointed arched openings, separated by buttressed piers surmounted by gabled pinnacles, open onto the small single storeyed porch. The roof of the porch is concealed behind a parapet with a moulded stone coping, interrupted by the pinnacles of the buttressing. Above the porch, on the face of the western wall is a gable rose window, with heavy circular tracery. This is glazed with panels of multi-paned diamond shaped coloured glass.</p><br>
<p>The tower, extending through two stories and a bell tower, sits on an arrised plinth with string course mouldings. The tower was built in two sections, the base and first storey of sandstone and the belltower, which is of cement rendered brick. Single lancet windows on the tower extend from slightly above the plinth, to just below the bell tower extension. These windows have hood mouldings and traceried awnings. Tripartite elongated rectangular window openings are found on the upper, cement rendered, section of the tower.</p><br>
<p>The north and south elevations of the church consist of the transepts with small entrance porches and the nave and 1939 chancel extensions. Entrance is through a pointed arched opening above which is an inverted eyelet window in the transept porches, which have steeply pitched gabled roofs, with smooth faced sandstone coping terminating in carved corbels at the base of the sides of the gable. The steps on the north have been replaced by a ramp providing access for people with disabilities. Above the porches in the gable of the transepts are circular windows with heavy circular tracery, above which are trefoil window openings. The nave elevations are characterised by bipartite lancet openings, in pointed archways, separated by buttressing. The 1939 extension of the western, entrance end is distinguishable by squared headed window openings and wider buttress spacing.</p><br>
<p>The eastern elevation of the building comprises three gabled sections, the central earlier section projecting slightly from the flanking wings. A large traceried window is featured in this central section, and above this is a recent trefoil opening. The flanking gables have a single centrally located lancet opening.</p><br>
<p>Internally, St Mark&#39;s Church, is composed of a six bay nave intersecting with transepts and terminated by a chancel, these being separated from the nave by pointed arched openings. The interior is generally of coursed rock faced sandstone, with arch linings, corbels and interior detailing of smooth faced sandstone.</p><br>
<p>The chancel, which is housed in a gabled section of lower height than the body of the church, has a ceiling lined with timber rafters which are supported on simple sandstone corbels. The eastern wall of the chancel features a quinpartite lancet window arrangement, above which, partially concealed by the roof framing, is a trefoil window. Lining the lower part of this rear wall is a stained timber reredos, with panels of pointed arches and carved trefoil and quatrefoil motif. A brass communion rail separates the chancel from the body of the church.</p><br>
<p>St Mark&#39;s has hammerbeam roof trusses and the underside of the roof is lined with diagonally arranged timber boarding. High level openings, which are now generally of glass louvres, were previously filled with timber panels, operable from inside the church, allowing light and ventilation. Some of these panels remain.</p><br>
<p>The north transept of the church, which was extended with the 1939 addition between this and the chancel, is now a chapel. The addition was added through a square opening with a timber bulkhead above. The south transept is also a smaller chapel. A vestry, in the addition between the south transept and chancel, has rendered walls and a plaster ceiling, with sandstone quoining around the openings. A reinforced concrete strong room in found in the vestry.</p><br>
<p>An organ gallery is located in the most western bay of the church, and is accessed via stairs in the base of the tower. Two pointed arched openings, under the gallery, in the southern wall, provide access to the tower, which consists of a first floor and bell tower.</p><br>
<p>A particularly noteworthy feature of the interior are the stained glass lancet panels, paired in the nave and, singularly in the transepts of the church. These William Bustard designed panels are very finely worked with figures housed in Gothic inspired architectonic forms. This stained glass, which is generally read over the coupled panels, depict various biblical stories, including Jesus welcoming the children; the birth of Jesus; and the visitation of the Archangel Gabriel to Mary.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>St Marks Anglican Church was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>St Mark&#39;s Anglican Church, Warwick, demonstrates the growth of Warwick as a provincial centre, and the development of the Church of England in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>The church has associations with prominent early Brisbane architect, Richard George Suter, and with the first Rector of Warwick, Benjamin Glennie.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The church demonstrates the principal characteristics of a nineteenth century Church of England in Queensland, influenced by the interest in Gothic revival ecclesiastical architecture.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>St Mark&#39;s is of considerable aesthetic value; it is a well composed building on a prominent site, which is an important element of the surrounding streetscape. The building contains many finely crafted elements including internal joinery such as the ceiling and roof trusses, reredos and seating pews; glazing and stonework.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.</p><br>
<p>The William Bustard stained glass windows of St Mark&#39;s are of considerable creative and technical achievement. The provision of ventilation and diffused lighting via the high level louvred openings is a considerably innovative achievement.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>The church has a strong association with the Warwick community, and in particular, with members of the Anglican community who have used the building as their church for nearly 130 years.</p><br>
<p>St Lukes Anglican Church is a heritage-listed church at 152 Herries Street, Toowoomba City, Queensland, Australia. It is the second church on the site and was designed by John Hingeston Buckeridge and built in 1897. It is also known as St Lukes Church of England. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 28 July 2000.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>St Luke&#39;s Anglican Church, a substantial bluestone building at the corner of Herries and Ruthven Streets, Toowoomba was constructed in stages between 1897 and 1959 to the original design of Church of England diocesan architect, John Hingeston Buckeridge. The present church replaced an earlier timber slab building constructed in the mid 1850s.</p><br>
<p>The church of England acquired land at the corner of Herries and Ruthven Streets, Toowoomba at land sales held in Toowoomba during October 1854. At this stage of development, nearby Drayton was a larger settlement than Toowoomba which had been surveyed in 1849. It was in Drayton that the first resident Church of England minister settled in 1850. Reverend Benjamin Glennie followed early settlers to the fertile Darling Downs region where small settlements had commenced in the late 1840s. Glennie had a plan to establish the Church of England on the Darling Downs through the construction of four churches after the four apostles: Matthew (in Drayton), Mark (in Warwick), Luke (in Toowoomba) and John (in Dalby).</p><br>
<p>Glennie established the first St Lukes church on the site in 1857. In 1892 John Hingeston Buckeridge (the architect of the diocese) was instructed to design a new church, which was constructed in 1895. As a result of Glennies foresight, the land in what was to become Toowoomba was acquired by the church for their first parish church in the area.</p><br>
<p>Soon after land acquisition a building fund was established and by 1857 a small timber slab building was constructed for use as a church and school. By the late 1860s, Toowoomba became the centre of the Darling Downs and the Church of England acquired another central site for the construction of a brick church known as St James on the corner of Mort and Russell Streets, Toowoomba. Services moved from the primitive St Lukes Church to the permanent new church. School facilities remained at the slab building. There was much debate at the time about shifting the parish from the original St Lukes site and it is thought to have proceeded at the behest of influential members of the parish, who were keen to have the church closer to the residential area around the Mort Estate. Despite the removal of the parish to the site of St James, the debate continued for many years until 1891 when the Toowoomba parish was divided into northern and southern regions, with Margaret Street forming the intervening line. In the early 1880s services had resumed in the original St Lukes and small extensions were made to the building. With the formation of their own parish, renewed efforts were made into the construction of a major new church on the St Luke&#39;s church site.</p><br>
<p>In 1892 the Diocesan architect, John Hingestone Buckeridge was commissioned to design a new masonry church. Tenders were called in mid 1894, seeking separate prices for stone, brick and stone and brick versions of the design. The church committee agreed on a stone building and to afford this planned to stage the construction. In November 1894 the tender of J Renwick, a local contractor, was accepted for the first stage of the works for a sum of &pound;3575. On 13 March 1895, Lady Norman (wife of Queensland Governor Henry Wylie Norman) laid the foundation stone of the new building.</p><br>
<p>John Hingeston Buckeridge, the architect of the building, designed many of the Church of England&#39;s buildings following his arrival in Brisbane as church architect in 1887. Prior to his arrival, Buckeridge was articled to leading English ecclesiastical architect John Loughborough Pearson from whom Buckeridge developed skills in the design of gothic revival buildings. Buckeridge designed many fine Queensland churches including Christ Church, Milton and the Christ Church of England, Bundaberg.</p><br>
<p>St Luke&#39;s was designed as a traditional Gothic revival church, with cruciform plan (nave and transepts forming a cross shaped plan), steeply pitched roof, lancet windows, pointed arched openings, stained glass windows and a decorated interior. As well a large bell tower with steepled roof dominated the entrance corner of the building. Elegant sketches of the original design show a French gothic inspired building, with round tower projections and curved apse and chapel ends. The first stage of the building included five bays of the nave, and a small polygonal baptistery projecting from the western end of the building.</p><br>
<p>The parish have continued the completion of the unfinished building in several major building phases. In 1907 an organ from Norman and Beard of Norwich, England was installed at the eastern end of the church. In 1947 the parish installed a William Bustard designed and RS Exton and Co manufactured stained glass window at the eastern end of the northern aisle in memory of the Griffith&#39;s family. This brilliant blue window was a copy of one of the windows from Chartes Cathedral and depicts a seated and enthroned Blessed Virgin holding the Divine Son. This window was later moved to the altar area when the next stage of the construction works were completed.</p><br>
<p>In 1945 the parish agreed to complete the eastern end of the building as a war memorial and the foundation stone of these extensions was laid in 1947. A new design was commissioned from Charles Beresford Marks, which had included the northern transept and chancel. The extensions were built in stages and completed in 1959 and dedicated by Archbishop Reginald Halse. At this time foundations were laid for the southern transept and this area is yet to be completed. In the 1960s the organ was relocated in an organ loft near the altar. In 1990 the interior of the church was re-plastered.</p><br>
<h2>Vicars</h2><br>
<p>1860-1861: Vincent Ransome, son-in-law of Toowoomba pioneer Thomas Alford. Following some dissension within the parish, he was transferred to St Matthew&#39;s in Drayton.</p><br>
<p>August 1929: Rupert Warner Shand (father of Bishop David Shand)</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>St Luke&#39;s Anglican Church is a substantial blue stone building prominently located on the corner of Ruthven and Herries Streets Toowoomba. The building is surrounded by large established trees, including several large conifers on the Herries Streets side.</p><br>
<p>St Luke&#39;s Church is a traditional Gothic Revival church of the late 19th century, bearing such characteristic elements as an (incomplete) cruciform plan, steeply pitched gabled roof and Gothic details including pointed arched openings, sandstone buttresses lining the building and projecting above the eaves line and terminated with triangular caps. The foundations of the building and base courses are of sandstone and a projecting course of sandstone forms the junction between the sandstone and bluestone of the walls.</p><br>
<p>The roof of St Luke&#39;s is gabled over the eastern altar end of the church, western entrance end and the completed northern transept and the incomplete southern transept. The roof is clad with corrugated iron sheeting.</p><br>
<p>The western facade of the building has a centrally located 5-sided projection which is only mid height of the facade and houses internally a baptismal font. This small projection is roofed with a rolled iron pyramidal roof from a sandstone wall capping. Sandstone quoining is found on the corners of this small projection and around several small lancets on each of the faces. This sandstone quoining is repeated on the facade of the building, around the tripartite lancet windows centrally located above the baptismal projection. Flanking the projection are attached sandstone buttresses tapering toward the roof and demarcating a change in roof line which is more shallow over the internal side aisles.</p><br>
<p>The principal entrance to the building is at the western end of the northern side of the church where a large double door is recessed in a pointed arched opening surrounded by sandstone quoining and mouldings. The paneled door features large decorative wrought iron hinges. The door is accessed via a short concrete stair with sandstone balustrade. Lancet windows with sandstone quoining line the nave of the church and are separated by the sandstone buttresses. The extension site for the southern transept which is yet to be constructed is clad with corrugated iron externally. The transept is aligned with the northern transept and the gabled roof line has been constructed.</p><br>
<p>Internally the church is organized with a central aisle separating two aisles of pews. The interior is divided by internal arcades running the length of the nave and supporting the roof on the line at which its pitch changes. The arcades comprise clustered sandstone columns from which pointed archways spring. The archways are lined with clustered sandstone mouldings. The aisles outside the columns are linked at both the western, entrance end of the building and at the eastern end to the rear of the altar area with a small ambulatory.</p><br>
<p>A carved timber altar sits at the eastern end of the building. The church is washed internally with a bright blue light filtering through the stained glass window of Mary Queen of Angels, a loose copy of a Chartres window, in the eastern end. A sandstone pulpit and brass lectern sit adjacent to and in front of the choir stalls.</p><br>
<p>In the northern transept of the church is a Warriors Chapel with carved timber altar and two "colours" (flags from battle) above the seating. The church has a numerous assortment of memorials tablets, windows, stones, honour boards and other small usually donated relics commemorating a person or event.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>St Lukes Anglican Church was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 28 July 2000 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>St Luke&#39;s Anglican Church is of architectural and aesthetic significance as a prominent and well designed Toowoomba building and one of the major Queensland works of prominent 19th century ecclesiastical architect, John Hingeston Buckeridge.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&apos;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>The building is an unusual example of a bluestone church in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The Griffith&#39;s memorial window has particular aesthetic value as a fine example of the work of William Bustard, a noted Brisbane stained glazier and artist. The trees surrounding the building contribute to the aesthetic value of the place.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>The church has social and spiritual value as a place of public worship for many years and for the large number of memorials, including an impressive War Memorial Chapel, and donated fixtures which reflect the importance of the church to the families and people forming the parish of St Lukes.</p><br>
<p>St Johns Anglican Church is a heritage-listed church at 153 Cunningham Street, Dalby, Western Downs Region, Queensland, Australia. It is the third church of that name on the site and was designed by Henry James  Marks and built in the 1920s. It is also known as St Johns Church of England. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 14 August 2008.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>St John&#39;s Church, Dalby is a brick church constructed in 1922-1923 to the design of Harry Marks and is the third church of this name on the site. The previous timber church, built in 1876, remained on the site in a modified form as part of a former parish hall, until it was demolished in February 2003.</p><br>
<p>The site of St Johns Church is part of a continuing tradition of Anglican worship established during the first years of European settlement on the Darling Downs, which began in 1840. At this time (prior to the separation of Queensland) the Darling Downs were part of New South Wales and fell within the Diocese of Newcastle. The Reverend John Gregor visited the area, holding services in camps and private homes from 1840 until his death in 1848. The energetic Reverend Benjamin Glennie succeeded him and his first service on the Downs was held in the parlour of the Bulls Head Inn at Drayton in 1848, there being no church. On 25 May 1851, Glennie held the first service in the Dalby area in the home of Hugh Ross. From then on, regular services were held in such diverse venues as private homes, a woolshed and the courthouse. Glennie was responsible for the Anglican pastoral care of the Darling Downs from 1850 to 1860. He laid the foundations of a parochial system on the Downs by establishing congregations, buying strategic sites and building churches.</p><br>
<p>Glennie approached his Bishop William Tyrrell for permission to buy land for a church in Toowoomba and in February 1853 gained permission to collect subscriptions for buildings in other towns on his tours throughout his parish, state aid for the construction of church buildings having ceased in 1852. He envisioned four churches, each dedicated to one of the evangelists, in the four major towns of the Downs. This vision was eventually fulfilled by St Lukes at Toowoomba (1856), St Marks at Warwick (1857), St Matthews at Drayton (1859) and St Johns at Dalby (1866).</p><br>
<p>The town of Dalby developed on the site of a crossing over Myall Creek, a tributary of the Condamine River. Here Henry Dennis, seeking grazing land for his employer, Charles Coxen, camped in 1841 soon after the first land was taken up on the Darling Downs. A small settlement grew up around "the Crossing" and became a recognised township in 1854. In 1863 Dalby was proclaimed a municipality, the Borough of Dalby, and developed as the main centre of the northern Downs. The Western railway line reached Dalby in 1868 and it grew in importance as the railhead for the surrounding pastoral and agricultural industries.</p><br>
<p>In June 1858, Glennie wrote to his Bishop asking him to secure a piece of land at Dalby for a church. In 1859, the government granted a two-acre block of land at the corner of Cunningham and Drayton streets for a church, school and parsonage. In 1860 the first parish priest, Reverend Edmund Moberley, was appointed and in 1863 a parsonage was built in Patrick Street where 27 acres (11 hectares) of Glebe land were also held. In 1866 a small brick church with an iron roof was built on the corner of Cunningham and Drayton Streets to the design of WC Wakeling. Due to insufficient funds, it was built to only half the size originally intended and in 1874 developed cracks due to movement of the foundations, which proved inadequate for the soil conditions. It soon became unsafe and it was decided to replace it with a timber church rather than undertake repairs.</p><br>
<p>The next church was designed by architect Willoughby Powell, opened on 5 November 1876 by Bishop Matthew Hale and consecrated in 1878. The church, a rectangular timber building sheltered by a shingled roof and set on stumps, faced Cunningham Street.</p><br>
<p>In the early 1920s, during a period of economic expansion in Queensland, the congregation decided to replace this church with a brick building and the foundation stone for the third church on this site was laid in August 1922. The 1876 church was moved and extensively modified to serve as a parish hall and Sunday school. Furniture, fittings, stained glass and ornaments were transferred to the new church. Stained glass windows taken from the 1876 church and installed in the 1922 church include one now in the baptistery depicting St Cecilia (donated in 1901 in memory of Mrs Geizel) and the Mulholland Memorial window, a representation of the Transfiguration, now at the east end of the church. Both were to the design of EA Milford, a prominent Sydney churchman.</p><br>
<p>The new church was designed by architect HJ (Harry) Marks. He was one of a remarkable family firm of architects that had a lasting effect on the appearance of Toowoomba, being responsible for a large number of public, private and commercial buildings. James Marks arrived in Queensland in 1866 and first set up in practice in Dalby, moving to Toowoomba in 1874. He entered into partnership as James Marks and Son with his eldest son Harry, who joined his fathers practice in 1903, and Reginald who joined in 1910. Charles Marks, James grandson, also worked as an architect in Toowoomba. Harry Marks was particularly interested in providing good ventilation and natural lighting and these are features of buildings designed by him.</p><br>
<p>In order to prevent a recurrence of the foundation problems that ruined the first church, the Dalby site was excavated to a depth of 8 feet when a bed of solid yellow clay was discovered. The foundations were put in with reinforced concrete built on arches. The building contract was let to J and F Muller of Toowoomba at an estimated cost of &pound;4123. Memorial windows (Geizel and Mulholland windows), pulpit, altar and lectern and much of the furniture were transferred from the old building to the new one. The building of the church was funded from a building fund formed by gifts of money and land by Mr Osborne, to whose memory a stained glass window is installed in the sanctuary. Other gifts included a silver communion plate (Mr and Mrs Drury), candlesticks (Cecil Plains parish) and a sanctuary lamp (Mr and Mrs Fortescue - in memory of their son, killed in World War I). The foundation stone was laid in August 1922 by the Australian Governor-General, Baron Forster of Lepe, and Archbishop Gerald Sharp dedicated the new church on 19 August 1923. Decorative red cedar panelling donated by Mr CG Knowles was installed to dado height in the sanctuary and chancel by 1931. The church was consecrated on 11 August 1935 by Archbishop William Wand.</p><br>
<p>The Frank Knight Memorial Hall is a brick extension constructed in the 1960s to provide more seating for congregations and a parish hall. The northwest end of the hall accommodates a rectangular room with seating. Part of the south wall of the church, from the vestry to the east wall, was removed to connect this wing directly with the church.</p><br>
<p>Recent work to the church includes the installation of six split-system air conditioning units in January 2005 and the installation of four new stained glass windows in April 2008.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Geographically, the building is aligned on a northwest-southeast axis but this description treats this axis as the west-east liturgical axis, e.g. the northwest elevation is regarded as the west for liturgical purposes.</p><br>
<p>St John&#39;s Church stands prominently to the corner of Cunningham and Drayton Streets, Dalby and is set within extensive grounds. An elegant composition in the Gothic revival idiom, the building is sheltered by a steeply pitched roof clad with fibrous cement shingles and the buttresses and external walls are of brown facebrick embellished with white cement copings and mouldings.</p><br>
<p>Cruciform in plan, the transept accommodates a clergy vestry and a choir vestry and the west end a baptistery flanked by entrance porches. The nave is lit by lancet windows five of stained glass and one of coloured glass to the north and two of stained glass and two of coloured glass to the south. Both vestries are lit by lancet windows of coloured glass. Circular lights are over the external entrances to the vestries and oval lights decorate the internal doorways from these spaces the light over the south entrance now without its coloured glass. Internally, these windows are embellished with plain hood moulds. The east end accommodates the Mulholland memorial window, a fine stained glass window comprising three vertical arched panels crowned with three diamond-shaped lights depicting the Transfiguration. The Geizel memorial window, depicting St Cecilia, lights the baptistery.</p><br>
<p>The nave walls are plastered down to dado height beneath which is red face brick. The ceiling is lined with battened fibrous cement sheeting with a narrow decorative panel running along the underside of the ridge. Large curved timber brackets spring from oversized corbels to support the roof beams.</p><br>
<p>The altar, with decorative timber panelling to the sides, stands on a raised platform within the chancel which is lined to dado height with decorative cedar panelling. The church accommodates fine furniture including cedar pews and pulpit from the 1876 church, chairs, kneelers and lecterns. Other liturgical items include a silver communion plate, candlesticks, sanctuary lamp and processional cross.</p><br>
<p>A wing accommodating more seating opens to the south from the sanctuary. This is part of the Frank Knight Memorial Hall, a rectangular brick extension to the south of the church. This extension is not of cultural heritage significance.</p><br>
<p>The shrubs, trees, rectory, parish office and bell tower within the church grounds are not of cultural heritage significance. The property is bounded to Drayton and Cunningham streets by a low brick fence with decorative metal entrance gates. These elements are not of cultural heritage significance.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>St John&#39;s Anglican Church was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 14 August 2008 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>The site of St Johns Anglican Church is important for its association with the early development of Dalby and of the Anglican Church in Queensland, being associated with a group of four early Anglican parishes established on the Darling Downs during the 1850s and 1860s and dedicated to the evangelists - St Matthews at Drayton, St Marks at Warwick, St Lukes at Toowoomba and St Johns at Dalby. Important as part of a continuing tradition of Anglican worship on the Darling Downs, St Johns Church (1922-1923) is the third church building for the parish of St John on this site.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>St John&#39;s Church is a fine example of a church in the Gothic revival idiom comprising a number of elements typical of this style including a steeply pitched roof, pointed arches, external buttressing to walls, decorative mouldings, lancet windows and fine stained glass.</p><br>
<p>A number of fixtures and fittings gifted to the church from parishioners reflect the importance of the church to the parish including memorial stained glass windows, church furniture and liturgical items.</p><br>
<p>Designed by leading Toowoomba architect Harry Marks, one of a family of prominent Queensland architects, St John&#39;s Church is a fine example of his ecclesiastical work.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>Sited prominently in an open grassed setting on a corner in the heart of Dalby, the elegant, well-composed St John&#39;s Church, with its steeply pitched roof, fine brickwork and decorative embellishments, is a striking presence in the streetscape of Dalby. With fine stained glass windows, well-crafted furniture, decorative timber panelling and handsome timber roof brackets, the interior of the church provides a contemplative setting for religious observances.</p><br>
<p>Curlew Island is a low mangrove-dominated island located near the head of Spencer Gulf, South Australia. It lies between Port Augusta and Point Lowly and is adjacent to the Playford B Power Station. Several ships ran aground in the shallow waters surrounding the island during the late 1800s and early 1900s. Several recreational boating accidents have also occurred in the vicinity . The locality is known for its fishing and for occasional whale sightings in the winter.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1863, the island was described to mariners as "merely a large, thick patch of mangroves, separated from the point by a narrow channel, dry at low water... has a small sandy knoll at its north end, which only covers at high water springs."</p><br>
<p>On June 29, 1882, the Government approved of a recommendation to construct a magazine for powder and a smaller one for dynamite at Port Augusta to be placed on Curlew Island.</p><br>
<p>In July 1889, the first load of sea shells removed from Curlew Island was shipped to Port Pirie for use at the smelters.</p><br>
<p>In 1932, the Port Augusta Yacht Club sailed to Curlew Island and held a picnic ashore there. Picnics have been enjoyed there by many social groups, businesses and residents of nearby towns including Wilmington and Quorn. Picnics were sometimes held to farewell a community member who was leaving the region.</p><br>
<p>In June 1950, the possibility of dredging away Curlew Island was announced. A swinging basin was determined to provide deep-water access to the newly proposed northern power station. Such a basin would allow ships to turn easily and unload equipment imported from England.</p><br>
<h2>Maritime incidents</h2><br>
<h3>Ship groundings</h3><br>
<p>On March 28, 1878 the steamer Governor Musgrave en route to Port Augusta ran aground opposite Curlew Island. This prompted a request for a dredge to work in the channel.</p><br>
<p>On December 2, 1885, the barque Sedwell Jane was aground at Curlew Island.</p><br>
<p>On March 14, 1894, the steamer Melbourne, loaded with coal, ran aground at the Double Beacon near Curlew Island.</p><br>
<h4>Iron Monarch</h4><br>
<p>On February 18, 1930 the Broken Hill Proprietary Company&#39;s steamer Iron Monarch ran aground on a sandbank inside No.6 Beacon near Curlew Island while en route to Port Augusta. She had aboard 6,500 tonnes of coal to deliver for the use of Commonwealth Railways. After it was realized that the vessel would not float on the rising tide, tugs and barges were sent from Port Pirie to unload the cargo and transship it to its destination. After unloading 1,600 tonnes of cargo, the vessel was freed on February 27, only to demolish a beacon and strand again on another sand bank 18 kilometres (11 miles) out from Port Augusta (Commissariat Point). Once freed again with assistance from the tug Yacka, the vessel proceeded to Port Augusta to finish unloading its cargo. Its next consignment was to transport iron ore from Whyalla to Newcastle for steel-making.</p><br>
<h3>Boating accidents</h3><br>
<p>On January 9, 1881, Percy Horn&#39;s yacht was caught in a gale near Curlew Island and sank in 23 ft of water. All aboard managed to swim ashore to safety.</p><br>
<p>On February 18, 1883, six men were nearly drowned when a boat capsized and sank near Curlew Island. They were rescued by the crew of the yacht Henrietta.</p><br>
<p>On March 13, 1886 a recreational fishing trip ended in tragedy near Curlew Island after the boat was filled with water and sank. The coroner determined that George William Dodson came to his death by exhaustion and Arrant Tobias Knutson was accidentally drowned by the upsetting of a boat. Railway station master, John Frank Beesley of Port Augusta was the trip&#39;s sole survivor.</p><br>
<p>On June 6, 1887, the open boat Australia capsized with fishermen aboard near Curlew Island. Mr J. Campbell survived, but Mark Last, who had caused the boat to capsize by climbing its mast (and could not swim) did not. Mr Last was the owner of the boat which was lost in the same vicinity the previous year, costing the lives of Knutson and Dodson.</p><br>
<p>On April 1, 1896, three lives were lost after a fishing party of seven departed Port Augusta for Curlew Island. The boat capsized in rough weather. Brothers Charles and Edward Addison (aged 12 and 10 years respectively) and Walter Evans were drowned.</p><br>
<p>On April 2, 1946, the dead body of Patrick Joseph Cowley (approximately 70 years of age) was found floating off Curlew Island. His bicycle was later recovered when dragging the Port Augusta harbour. The bicycle was found 12 ft from the wharf&#39;s edge, so it was assumed that he had fallen off the wharf whilst riding at night.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>The mangroves of Curlew Island provide habitat for cormorants. Cormorants were considered competition by fishermen in the early 1900s. They were deliberately culled in efforts to improve the abundance of fish in South Australian waters. Humpback whales have been sighted by fishermen and coastal residents in the winter near Curlew Island. Southern right whales are also sighted, though less frequently. Whale sightings in the vicinity date back to 1894 with the first Humpback whale sighting reported in 1913. A Bryde&#39;s whale was collected south of Curlew Island by a team from the South Australian Museum in April 1989. A baleen plate from the whale went on display at the museum in Adelaide in 2000.</p><br>
<h3>Fishing</h3><br>
<p>The waters off Curlew Island have been popular among fishermen since the late 1800s. Popular targeted fish include Snapper and Yellowtail Kingfish. Fishing grounds are accessible by boat by launching from Port Augusta or Point Lowly. In March 1904, fishermen reported having unusual trouble with sharks near Curlew Island.</p><br>
<p>The Elijah P. Curtis House is a historic house located at 405 Market Street in Metropolis, Illinois. The Classical Revival house was built in 1870 for Elijah P. Curtis. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978 and now houses the Massac County Historical Museum.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Born in 1834, Elijah P. Curtis settled in Massac County at a young age. Curtis earned his law degree in 1860 and practiced law prior to the outset of the Civil War. After the war began, Curtis and two other men organized the first volunteer Union regiment from Massac County. In 1863, Curtis was promoted to the rank of major. Curtis continued his work as a lawyer after the war.</p><br>
<p>Curtis commissioned his historic house in 1870. The house&#39;s builder, Joseph P. Farrell, was a local artisan renowned for the quality of his work. The house remains well-preserved and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 9, 1978.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Curtis House is a two-story brick building designed in the Classical Revival style. A two-story entrance portico dominates the front facade of the home. The portico is supported by octagonal columns, features a porch with a balustrade on both stories and is topped by a triangular pediment. The first and second story entrance feature identical doorways with transoms, sidelights, and flanking pilasters. Two double-hung six-over-six windows are located on both stories on each side of the portico; the windows are separated by brick pilasters. The house&#39;s interior has a symmetrical plan with two main rooms on each floor and a central foyer and staircase.</p><br>
<p>Kurvingrad   or Koprijan is the fortress which rises above the South Morava river, 11 km south of the town of Niš, respectively located in the village of Doljevac. It is assumed that this is the Medieval Koprijan, a town at the foot of the remains of a large settlement from the time of Antiquity, so that alone Citadel has millennium continuity of existence. Today, there are remains of fortifications, but they are not sufficiently studied.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This location is not still sufficiently explored. Because of the transit and its strategic location, at the time of Roman Empire resort was the tower defense of the military road (Via Militaris). The city was an important military point at the time of the Byzantine Empire, with the name of Kompolos. The settlement left over from an earlier period of time was reconstructed, and has been named Koprijan ever since. Koprijan was a border city of the despots, which throughout its history repeatedly changed its owners, Serbian and Turkish. When was in the last fell swoop of Ottomans, Serbian medieval state was destroyed, Koprijan was completely demolished too. People were displaced and killed, some of them ending up as sex slaves in Asia Minor. The fortress was repeatedly used as building material for the construction of Niš Fortress. In the 20th century, materials from the ruins were used by the local population as building materials.</p><br>
<p>Emperor Justinian I in the mid-6th century in the vicinity of his home town, built thirty-two new forts and restored seven forts. He also built a number of castles, so that the population had a place of refuge in case of the barbarian attack on The Danube. It is said that the restored castle was ad Herculum i Calis. Calis later could have been incorrectly written Komplos. It is quite possible that the Byzantine village built on Kurvingrad was the northern defense for Justiinijane Prime.</p><br>
<p>Kurvingrad was, at the time of the battle for the Turkish throne in 1413. conquered and destroyed by the Sultan Musa Çelebi. City was after his defeat, returned to despot Stefan Lazarevic. Travel writer Ami Bue mentioned in the first half of the 19th century, the ruins of this city.</p><br>
<p>Document on Peace of Szeged in 1444. year. mentioning Koperhamum and Procopius, to us show that Komplos must have been on the site of the present Kurvingrad. There is a noticeable similarity in the names, and the whole area is rich in Byzantine findings. Thus, in the neighboring village of Doljevac were found a Byzantine basilica and several graves. During the digging the foundations of those buildings, people often found the ruins of older structures, which are dated to the 6th to 8th centuries by the materials used and the manner of building.</p><br>
<p>Komplos must have been an important highway connecting the South Morava and the Vardar river valleys, integral element of the network that was here in the past, important military point, which protected road from raiders and barbaric intrusion. What was the fate of the city at that time, it is not clear, but at the time it was regarded as impregnable. An important advantage of the citys defense was lying in inaccessible mountainous terrain, under which spanned clear view of the valley and the river, whose background was preserved by even higher mountain Seličevica. During World War I site Kurvingrad was used by the Germans command, for establishing their defensive front against the Serbian army, which was moving rapidly, advancing to the north, in October 1918. German front could not be held, despite its very strong position, only because the Serbian army came on top Seličevica and found themselves behinds enemies back, who left Niš without a fight.</p><br>
<h3>1372–1444</h3><br>
<p>The old city fortification Koprijan was built at the time of Knez Lazar, on the foundations of the Roman and Byzantine fortification. The city that was surrounded with thick walls and towers, was raised by Vlastelin Nenad. Dimensions of the city are 80-50m, and in 1933, there was a church building in the city. The church built of stone, belonges to a Moravian type of construction.</p><br>
<p>In 1933, researchers found in the Niš Fortress a above the door-stone inscription for Koprijan (Whoretown-Kurvingrad) city. Item is now in the collection of the exhibits of the National Museum in Niš. The question is from where the panel was coming from? Stone was located next to the other stones, as well as other unused building materials. It is believed that the stone was got here in one of the latest Ottoman invasion, before the fall of Serbian despot. Koprijan shared his fate with most other Serbian medieval towns, who were robbed, burned and destroyed, and then used for the construction of other Turkish military bases. Dimension of the stone were 114 cm and 123 cm in length scale. Carved out of the white oval stone. The upper side of the stone is flat and the width of 26 cm, and the lower side of the back wall is 26 cm. On the pillar in the four row (width 16 cm) was written on the Serbian Church Slavonic, Cyrillic alphabet with the same letters in the size of 3 cm, the following: "Аз Ненад, син казнаца Богдана, сазидах си град Копријан годо...ва дни благовернаго господина ми кнеза лазара ва лето…"</p><br>
<p>Mentioned inscription was little damaged on the edges, so it is not very clear whether this year as preserved is the 6880 years, or it is 1372. years of the old Serbian calendar which coincides with the reign of Knez Lazar. If this is true, then in the 1372, Nenad the son of Bogdan, built the city of Koprijan. It is not known whether the medieval Koprijan is actually today Kurvingrad? Did the Byzantine fortress near Nis was Calis, and then incorrectly spelled as Komplos, it is uncertain, because at that place does not have found traces of Serbian medieval history. Unknown Byzantine fortress lost its significance in 1372. year., when was finished Koprijan city (Whoretown).</p><br>
<h3>1445–1564</h3><br>
<p>Ottoman Empire in 1451 were occupied the Whoretown, 70 years after the fall of Niš. The Ottoman population census in 1498 were mentioned Kurvingrad village with their 40 households. In 1516, Nišava District was affected by plague, which caused the population decline. In 1498th village of Kurvingrad has only 20 households.</p><br>
<p>Tabulation of the most important events on locality Kurvingrad.</p><br>
<p>The Roman Empire, the Castrum military road.</p><br>
<p>1020. year Charter of Basil II, place Komplos.</p><br>
<p>1372. year border city Despotate, Koprijan.</p><br>
<p>In 1413. year. City wins Musa, son of Bajazet, and he returned the same city to Stefan Lazarević.</p><br>
<p>In 1443. year. The city is taken by the Ottoman Empire</p><br>
<p>In 1444. year. the city was restored to Đurđ Branković</p><br>
<p>In 1451. years. city were permanently conquest by Ottoman Empire</p><br>
<p>In 1918 year. this place was a base for the German military command.</p><br>
<h2>Origin of the name</h2><br>
<p>There are several legends about the origin of the name Whoretown. According to one legend, a certain immoral lady from the village, was during the fortress siege, coming out at night while people were sleeping, and opened the towns gate, in order for unseen entrance of the enemy.</p><br>
<p>According to another legend which is even more held among the people, in the town has lived a wealthy lady (maybe empress), which during the night was loved to visiting nearby allegedly for prayer, right, but the truth is that she went there for some love of the priest. Legend has it that a girl was stretched canvas from the town to the church in which she was crossed at night time.</p><br>
<p>Village could occur in the time after the Ottoman invasion of the city surviving population. After the Ottoman conquest led to changes in the population, which now becomes predominantly Muslim. Name Whoretown or whore was accepted since the Ottoman invasion, when Koprijan were fell. The Ottoman Empire had a habit to give Serbian medieval cities a derogatory names, so it is considered that hows towns got his name. Also Whoretown can be read two ways in Ottoman&#39;s.</p><br>
<p>Also there is the belief that the name can be from the name of the Hungarian king Matthias Corvinus, but this claim is denied because there is not enough of historical evidence that Hungary then ruled this region.</p><br>
<h2>Fort looks and features</h2><br>
<p>Whoretown village belonged to the oriental type of settlement and settlements in its vicinity, which are still remained identifying stamp of that time. The fort has an irregular square basis, dimension of 80 × 50 meters, with ramparts has reinforced towers, which surrounded the dry trench. The city was protected by the massive walls up to 10 m, and had a five towers. People entered through the gate which was reinforced by the tower, which is located near the northeastern crown. On the highest part of the hill, along the eastern rampart is located small town in which end is a tower, which rises above the main city gate. The city was protected on all sides by trenches. Because erosion trench today is 2 × 2 m, whereas in the past was deeper. The fortress ramparts, which is now an average height of 4 to 5 m, in the past, it was higher, but it can not be determined by how much exactly, because we have no surviving evidence. The city was built of gray-green undressed stone and the red Brick, which were there earlier, in the same place. Church Saint John was the ceremonial temple center. The western side of the city were kept by three city towers, of which preserved two towers are, one in the southwest, and one central tower. Today, the eastern wall was almost completely demolished. In the past, wall was consisting of two angular towers. As the regarding the three southern towers, only the central tower, and the south-west tower were left. Houses and their interiors was built of wood beam. Based on the foundations of the village&#39;s building, with the recess area of 12 m² and depth 1.5 m, while the height of the room today can not be determined. Researchers have found the former building, with dimensions of 12 m², with 1.5 m in depth, while the height of the room today can not be determined. It is believed that this was probably the cistern. A cistern this big could provide enough water for 1,000 people during the siege, but the question is how the water is brought into the city. This raises the assumption that the city owned his own complex of underwater Channel which led to the river South Morava. In the village below the fort were found, during archaeological excavations in year 1933, the foundations of the church built in the Moravian style. The floor of the church was from rough mosaic, The floor of the church was from rough mosaic, and the other parts is derived from alternating tiles, white marble, and green stones, with dimensions 20 x 20m.</p><br>
<h2>Kurvingrad today</h2><br>
<p>Today the ruins stay in a ruined condition. For many years in the past, residents of surrounding villages are destroying the remains of the fort, and use its stones, in large quantities, for building their own homes, which today left their mark on ruins. By the Decision the republics Institute for Protection of Cultural Monuments, in November 1947., this historical monument has got a status of general peoples cultural property, and placed under the protection of the state, along with its surrounding.</p><br>
<p>Of well-preserved forts parts, today are north and east rampart with towers. Western rampart does not exist, while on the south side, all that&#39;s left is little remains of the surviving tower in this area. Rampart Little City is barely discernible, and all what left from the "Donzon tower" is a larger pile of stones. The main city gates is destroyed, while tower which protecting main gate is preserved in fragments. Within the Small Town were found the remains of a square building that was probably used as a cistern, while around town people can see the remains of dried Trench.</p><br>
<p>The Beverly Depot&ndash;Odell Park Historic District encompasses a commercial and industrial area of Beverly, Massachusetts that was developed to its height in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. A central theme of the district relates to Beverly&#39;s transportation history with several railroad-related buildings, a carriage manufactory and early automobile factory. The district, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014, include two buildings previously listed: the Beverly Depot, built 1896, and the main post office, built 1910. The district was nominated to the National Register by Windover Development in order to receive historic tax credits for their renovation of the former Friend Box Factory at 60 Pleasant St. into veterans housing.</p><br>
<p>A collection of brick buildings belonging to National Grid were included in the original nomination of the district but only one avoided demolition in Feb. of 2013.</p><br>
<p>Vai Lahi  is the central crater lake of the Tongan island of Niuafoou. The island is the most northerly island of Tonga, is the most northerly island in the kingdom of Tonga, and is located some 570 km north of the kingdom&#39;s main island, Tongatapu. Niuafoou is annular in shape, the rim of an active volcano. The island ring encloses two large lakes, Vai Lahi and the much smaller Vai Sii , plus some eight much smaller ponds.</p><br>
<p>Vai Lahi is a roughly circular crater lake with a diameter of 4 kilometres. Its surface, reported as 23 metres above sea level in 1935, is now believed to be close to sea level. The same survey which reported these new findings also discovered that the depth of the lake is considerably greater than previously thought; long thought to reach a maximum of 84 metres, it has recently been found to be 121 metres deep at its deepest point. The lake has a perimeter of 15.5 kilometres, and a surface area of 13.6 km&sup2;. Vai Lahi has a volume of almost one cubic kilometre. The waters of the lake are warm and mildly alkaline.</p><br>
<p>The lake contains three islands and a submerged island that appears when the water level drops. The largest of these islands is the central Motu Lahi (Big island). The other islands are Motu Molemole, Motu Sii, and the ephemeral Motu AAli.</p><br>
<p>Niuafoou has been sporadically active throughout recorded history, with six eruptions during the twentieth century. The most violent of these, in 1946, resulted in the evacuation of the island (the first groups of inhabitants were allowed to return to the island in 1958).</p><br>
<p>Shag Island is a low island located at the mouth of Fishermans Bay in Spencer Gulf, South Australia. It is approximately 22 ha  in size with a peak elevation of approximately 4 metres . It is uninhabited by humans but is home to thousands of cormorants which roost and breed there. It is also an important nursery-ground for fish. In April 2013, the discovery of several sick and dead cormorants near Fishermans Bay raised public concerns for the health of the Shag Island colony. The discovery coincided with significant fish and dolphin mortality events around the state, mostly concentrated in Spencer Gulf and Gulf St. Vincent.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>The following birds have been recorded at Shag Island: great cormorant, little black cormorant, pied cormorant, little pied cormorant, red-necked stint, sharp-tailed sandpiper, red-capped plover, banded stilt, bar-tailed godwit, grey plover, common greenshank and masked lapwing.</p><br>
<p>The Monts Dore are the remnant peaks of a volcanic massif situated near the center of the Massif Central, in the Auvergne region of France. They form a picturesque mountainous region, dotted with lakes, thermal springs and romanesque churches. The massif is an integral part of the Parc des Volcans d&#39;Auvergne, and is known for its alpine ski areas and hiking trails.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The massif is much older than the nearby chaîne des Puys, dating to the end of the Tertiary era. It is a deeply eroded stratovolcano, similar to the Cantal massif to the south, but more reduced in area and volume. Its history began about 3 Mya with a Plinian eruption that created a large caldera, the contours of which are no longer clearly defined. This eruption resulted in the emission of ignimbrite rhyolitic pumice that covered over 100 square kilometers of land. Afterwards, phonolite domes were emplaced on the exterior of the caldera. A period of calm lasting between 1 and 1.5 Ma ensued, succeeded by a second major eruptive period that formed the modern Puy de Sancy, the highest peak in the Massif Central, followed by the establishment of smaller domes, dikes, and maars.</p><br>
<p>The region is dotted with lakes of volcanic origin. Some are maars that have been filled with water, while others are the result of streams whose courses have been blocked by volcanic activity.</p><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>Saint Leonard Catholic Church is a Roman Catholic church in the city of Madison, in the state of Nebraska in the Midwestern United States. Built in 1913, it has been described as "an outstanding example of the Romanesque Revival style of architecture."</p><br>
<p>St. Leonard&#39;s parish, named after Saint Leonard of Port Maurice, was organized in 1879. A wood frame church was built in 1881 on the outskirts of Madison, and moved into the city in 1898. In 1902, the basement of the current church was built, and the congregation moved into it, converting the old church to a school. When funds allowed, the basement was extended, and the current brick church completed in 1913.</p><br>
<p>In 1989, the church, its 1912 rectory, and the rectory&#39;s garage were listed in the National Register of Historic Places, as the work of noted Nebraska architect Jacob M. Nachtigall. A pupil of Thomas Rogers Kimball, Nachtigall designed a number of Catholic churches and other buildings in the state, several of which are also listed in the National Register.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first white settlers to occupy the site of Madison were a party led by Henry Mitchell Barnes, who settled near the junction of Union and Taylor Creeks in 1867. Growth of the new settlement was rapid; in particular, there was an influx of German families from Wisconsin. The town of Madison was officially platted by Barnes in 1870 or 1871. In 1875, it became the county seat of Madison County, and in 1876 it was incorporated. The Union Pacific Railroad reached Madison in 1879; by 1880, the town had a population of about 300.</p><br>
<p>The first Christian services held in Madison were Presbyterian, taking place in Barnes&#39;s and other homes. A Presbyterian congregation was organized in 1870, and a church built in 1872. A Methodist circuit encompassing Madison and Antelope counties was organized in 1871; a parsonage was built in Madison ca. 1875, and a church begun in 1877. A Lutheran congregation may have formed in Madison in about 1875, although early records are incomplete; the congregation was initially served by the pastor of a Lutheran church in Green Garden Precinct, located about seven miles (7 mi) southwest of Madison. It was formally organized in 1885, and a church built in Madison in 1887.</p><br>
<p>The first Catholic settlers in Madison County homesteaded near present-day Battle Creek, northwest of Madison, in the late 1860s. In 1874, they organized a parish; in 1874&ndash;75, they built St. Patricks Church, the countys first Catholic church. In 1877, they wrote to Bishop James O&#39;Connor of the Diocese of Omaha, asking that a priest be assigned to visit the church at intervals until a permanent priest could be assigned to the parish; in apparent response to this, Franciscan missionaries based in Columbus were given the responsibility of providing for Madison County.</p><br>
<h3>1879–1900</h3><br>
<p>In 1879, a group of Catholic residents of the Madison area met to plan the building of a church. At the meeting, a total of $426.75 was subscribed; additional contributions of $322.86 were obtained from citizens of Madison. In January 1880, the church&#39;s trustees spent $100 for five acres (5 acre) on a hill at the southeastern edge of town. In the spring, a party of parishioners drove their ox teams to Wisner, about 30 mi northeast of Madison, for the first load of lumber for the new church. The 30 x frame structure, with a capacity of 100, was completed in November 1881; the total cost was $957.61, leaving $208.00 owed to the carpenter. The new church was dedicated to St. Leonard of Port Maurice, an 18th-century Franciscan priest, preacher, ascetic, and writer venerated as the patron saint of parish missions.</p><br>
<p>In 1882, a parcel of land southeast of the church was purchased for a cemetery; a one-year-old child buried in September of that year became its first occupant. The cemetery was fenced in 1883. In 1884, the church was enlarged: a sacristy and a room for the priest were added to the east end, and a steeple to the west end.</p><br>
<p>As Madisons population grew, the church became too small for the expanding congregation. In addition, its location outside of the city was inconvenient for many parishioners. In 1898, a tract of land inside Madison was bought. Rather than building a new church at the time, the parish elected to move the old one to the new site. The church was moved in two parts; when it was reconstructed, another section was added between them, increasing the buildings seating capacity to 180. The church on the new site was dedicated in November 1898.</p><br>
<h3>1900–1913</h3><br>
<p>In the early 20th century, the parish decided that the old church should be remodelled into a school and a convent for the teachers, and that a new church should be built. Brother Leonard Darscheid, a Franciscan architect, drew up plans for a church; but financial constraints precluded its construction. Instead, a temporary basement church was built just west of the old church building. It is not known whether the design of the basement used Darscheid&#39;s plans. Construction of the basement church began in July 1902, services were held there beginning in September 1902, and it was dedicated in February 1903.</p><br>
<p>The school opened in September 1903, with two classrooms staffed by two members of the Sisters of the Presentation of Dubuque, Iowa. 66 students were enrolled, including a number of non-Catholics, owing to overcrowding in the public schools. To make more space available, a basement was dug in 1904. In 1910, a third classroom was added.</p><br>
<p>In 1910, the Franciscans turned the management of the parish over to the Diocese of Omaha. In October of that year, Edward S. Muenich became the first diocesan pastor of St. Leonard&#39;s.</p><br>
<p>Muenich embarked upon an extensive building campaign, for which he retained Omaha architect Jacob M. Nachtigall. Born in Germany in 1874, Nachtigall had immigrated to the United States with his family in 1883. Initially working as a laborer in Omaha, he had served as a draftsman for that citys 1898 Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition. He had then worked as a draftsman for Omaha architect Thomas Rogers Kimball from 1900 to 1908; during this time, Kimball had designed the citys St. Cecilia&#39;s Cathedral. In 1909, Nachtigall had opened his own architectural office.</p><br>
<p>In 1911, a two-story eight-room brick rectory designed by Nachtigall was begun; it was completed and furnished in 1912, at a cost of $10,374. In the fall of 1912, the church basement was extended by over 50 percent.</p><br>
<h3>1913–1946</h3><br>
<p>In 1913, a Romanesque Revival church designed by Nachtigall was built on the existing basement. The cornerstone was laid and construction begun in May; the church was completed by the end of November, and formally dedicated on December 4. The cost of construction was about $75,000. While the church was under construction, Catholic services were held in Madison&#39;s armory.</p><br>
<p>The new church had a seating capacity of 700. In its 110 ft tower was a clock with four six-foot (6 ft) dials, and a peal of three bells, contributed by the citizens of Madison; beside summoning the parishioners to Mass, these rang the quarter-hours, marking time for the residents of the city and the surrounding rural areas.</p><br>
<p>While the urban United States experienced an economic boom during the 1920s, the agricultural sector of the country experienced a depression. Disruption of European agriculture by World War I had produced high prices for farm commodities, and it had been thought that Europes recovery would be slow and that the high prices would persist. This gave rise to a bubble in farmland prices, which burst when the rapid postwar recovery of European agriculture drove commodity prices down again. At the same time, increasing mechanization reduced the need for farm labor, pushing agricultural wages downward and rural unemployment upward. Madison and St. Leonards parish suffered from this agricultural depression and from the Great Depression of the 1930s. During this time, the parish&#39;s population remained more or less stable: in 1918, it consisted of 440 individuals; in 1929, 452.</p><br>
<p>In 1926, the parish was forced to close its school, since the Presentation Sisters were no longer able to staff it. The school re-opened in 1931, with 60 pupils taught by Missionary Benedictine Sisters based in Norfolk.</p><br>
<p>The onset of World War II once again brought prosperity to rural Nebraska, and it persisted into the 1950s. St. Leonard&#39;s paid off its remaining debt, held a mortgage-burning ceremony in 1946, and began raising funds for a new school.</p><br>
<h3>1946–present</h3><br>
<p>The cornerstone for a new school was laid in November 1953. A property adjoining the new school site was bought, and the house standing upon it converted to a convent for the nuns staffing the school. The new building was completed and opened for classes in August 1954; the old school, which had begun life as the first St. Leonard&#39;s Church, was demolished that fall, and its site became a parking lot.</p><br>
<p>The Benedictine Sisters withdrew from the school in 1978, prompting the closing of the seventh and eighth grades. The school continued to offer grades 1&ndash;6, taught by three lay instructors.</p><br>
<p>Beginning in the early 1990s, Madison experienced a large influx of Hispanics. In 1990, Madison County&#39;s population was 2% Hispanic; by 2010, the number had increased to 13%. In the city of Madison, whose single largest employer was a meatpacking plant with over 1000 employees, operated by IBP and then by Tyson Foods, the increase was far greater:</p><br>
<p>the Hispanic fraction of the population rose from less than 1% in 1980 to 48.8% in 2010, as the Spanish-speaking population increased and the white non-Hispanic population fell. By 2011, an estimated two-thirds of St. Leonard&#39;s parishioners were Hispanic. Beginning in 1991, the archdiocese assigned Spanish-speaking priests to the parish, and both English- and Spanish-language services were offered.</p><br>
<p>The centennial of the church building was celebrated in December 2013, at a bilingual Mass conducted by Elden Curtiss, archbishop emeritus of the Archdiocese of Omaha.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>In 1989, three of the parishs buildings&mdash;the church, the rectory, and the rectorys garage&mdash;were added to the National Register of Historic Places, as the work of distinguished Nebraska architect Jacob M. Nachtigall. Beside St. Leonards, Nachtigall designed a number of other notable buildings in Nebraska, many of them Catholic; these include St. Mary of the Assumption Church in Dwight (1914), St. Anthonys Church in Cedar Rapids (1919), St. Bonaventures Church in Raeville (1919), Immaculate Conception Church in Omaha (1926), and Father Flanagans House at Boys Town (1927).</p><br>
<h3>Church</h3><br>
<p>The church is oriented east-west, with the main entrance facing westward. It is just over 153 ft long from east to west; 52 ft wide from north to south. The walls are made of mosaic gray pressed brick trimmed with Bedford stone, rising from a rock-faced limestone foundation, and are about 40 ft high. The peak of the roof is about 70 ft above ground level.</p><br>
<p>At the west end of the church, a 110 ft belltower rises above the main entrance. The tower is topped with a copper dome, capped with a cross. It contains three bells, weighing 900. The towers clock has four six-foot (6 ft) dials. Below the tower, a flight of seventeen steps ascends to the churchs main entrance, via a set of double doors through a semicircular archway.</p><br>
<p>The churchs north and south walls are supported by a series of buttresses. Seven windows run along each wall. A line of brick corbels runs along the walls below the eaves. Near the east end of the church, a short transept extends a short distance outward. At the churchs east end, beyond the transept, is a semicircular apse with a conical roof, topped with a six-paned conical skylight.</p><br>
<h4>Interior</h4><br>
<p>The interior plan of the church consists of a nave, a short transept, and a semicircular apse. At the west end of the nave is a narthex. At the center of this is a vestibule leading to the churchs main entrance; at the churchs northwest corner is a reconciliation room, formerly a baptistry; at the southwest corner is a short passage from which a staircase descends to the basement and another rises to the choir loft. In the loft is the churchs organ, a tracker model manufactured by the Hinners Organ Company in 1879; the organ was not originally built for St. Leonards.</p><br>
<p>The nave measures 98 ft between the entrance and the communion rail. An aisle passes down its center; narrower aisles follow the north and south walls. Two rows of seven circular columns run along the nave. The columns are made of wood, plastered to conceal the material, and decorated with Corinthian capitals. The rib-vaulted ceiling rises 30 ft above the floor. Fourteen stained-glass windows, depicting scenes from the life of Christ, occupy the nave&#39;s walls. The 13.5 x windows were produced by the Muenich Art Studio of Chicago. Between the windows are sculpted stations of the cross. In three spandrels above columns on each side are fresco paintings.</p><br>
<p>Two marble steps rise from the nave to the chancel. At the top of the steps is a hand-carved white wood communion rail, decorated with miniature onyx columns and topped with marble.</p><br>
<p>At the northwest and southwest corners of the chancel are two side altars: to the north, a Marian altar; to the south, an altar of St. Joseph. The original image on the Marian altar depicts Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception; more recently, an image of Our Lady of Guadalupe has been added. The St. Joseph altar includes a bone relic of St. Leonard of Port Maurice.</p><br>
<p>On the Gospel side of the chancel is a large hand-carved wood pulpit, decorated with carved figures of the four Evangelists.</p><br>
<p>The chancel is dominated by the high altar, which stands over 20 ft tall, and which cost its donors $2,080 in 1913. Like the communion rail, the side altars, and the pulpit, it is made of hand-carved wood decorated with small onyx columns. At the base is a relief sculpture of the Last Supper; above that is a marble altar table. The tabernacle is just above that; to either side is a sculpted angel, kneeling to the tabernacle and holding the sanctuary lamps. Above the tabernacle is a sculpted Crucifixion of Jesus, with the Virgin Mary and the apostle John on either side of the cross. In separate niches on either side of the crucifixion scene are statues of St. Boniface and St. Patrick, representing the German and Irish ethnicity of the parish in the early 20th century. Above their niches are figures of angels blowing trumpets; at the top of the altar is a statue of St. Leonard.</p><br>
<p>On the half-domed ceiling of the apse is a large oil-painted mural depicting a scene in Heaven. In the center, God the Father and Jesus are enthroned on a cloud; a stained-glass skylight at the top of the dome depicting the Holy Spirit completes the Trinity. Flanking the Father and Son are the Virgin Mary and John the Baptist. Below the cloud is Satan in torment. At the left and right of the scene is an assemblage of 18 Catholic saints and 10 angels.</p><br>
<p>Beside the fourteen large windows in the nave, there are 25 stained-glass windows in the church, depicting saints and symbols of the Catholic Church. These include St. Cecilia, patron saint of the Archdiocese of Omaha, and a pair of windows depicting St. Boniface and St. Patrick.</p><br>
<p>In the 1989 form nominating it for the National Register of Historic Places, it was noted that the church had undergone only minor alterations, including an interior redecoration in 1964, the replacement of roof slates with asphalt shingles in 1977, and the addition of a concrete ramp for access by the handicapped in 1986.</p><br>
<h3>Rectory</h3><br>
<p>The rectory, located just south of the church, was designed in Neoclassical style, with Romanesque Revival elements. It is a rectangular house measuring 40 ft wide by 57 ft long, with eight rooms in two stories. Like the church, it is made of mosaic gray brick.</p><br>
<p>An open porch occupies the whole of the west frontage, facing the street, and wraps around to cover half of the south side. The portico is supported by circular columns with Doric capitals. At the base of the porch is brick latticework. There is a small enclosed porch with a doorway on the east side.</p><br>
<p>There are three rowlock arches above all of the windows on the first floor. One of the west-facing windows on the second floor has two rowlock arches above it; the other second-floor windows are rectangular. There are two circular window openings in the attic, one facing west and the other south.</p><br>
<p>The rectory has a sloping roof with overhanging eaves and wood cornices. On the south wall is a tympanum, filled in with siding.</p><br>
<h4>Garage</h4><br>
<p>The original rectory garage is located southeast of the rectory. It is a rectangular structure facing westward, measuring 16 ft north to south, and 26 ft east to west. The interior is a single room.</p><br>
<p>The front (west side) of the garage is made of the same mosaic gray brick that was used for the construction of the church and the rectory. The north and south walls are both made of two different materials: the western two-thirds of them is red brick, possibly from the brickyard that once operated in Madison; the easternmost third is plastered with a layer of cement, painted red to match the bricks. The rear (east) wall is also plastered with red cement. It is speculated that the garage was either lengthened to fit a longer car, or that the eastern third had to be rebuilt; the building&#39;s hip roof shows no signs of having been lengthened.</p><br>
<p>The garage has two doors and two windows. Both the doors and windows have two rowlock brick arches over them. The car entrance is on the west side; a passage door is on the north side. A clear-glass window with 16 panes is on the east side. On the west side, north of the car entrance, is a window with beveled lead-glass panes, which appear clear from the outside but red from inside the building. It has been speculated that this window was part of the parish&#39;s first church.</p><br>
<p>Port of Arkhangelsk  is a major seaport at Arkhangelsk, located at the mouth of the Northern Dvina River, 50 km from the Dvina Bay of the White Sea. The important point links with coastal areas of the Russian North. For much of Russia&#39;s history this was Russia&#39;s main centre of international maritime trade, conducted by the so-called Pomors  from Kholmogory.</p><br>
<p>During the Soviet period it was a major naval and submarine base of the Soviet Navy. It is still a major naval base of the Northern Fleet of the Russian Navy.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>Arkhangelsk sea port sends and receives lumber, pulp, coal, machinery, metals, industrial and consumer goods. Arkhangelsk seaport - the main base of the Northern Company, performing the maritime transport of the White, Barents and Kara seas, the Northern Sea Route and overseas lines. Originate from Arkhangelsk regular passenger line to Murmansk, Dikson, Onega, Mezen, Kandalaksha and Novaya Zemlya.</p><br>
<p>As part of the port has 3 cargo area, a container terminal, shipping company "Portoflot" sea-river station. The total length of wharfage - 3.3 km. Berths allow you to take and put handle vessels with a draft of 9.2 m and a length of 175–200 m total usable area for warehousing - 292,000 m², including closed storage - 40,000 m², open tarmac - 250 000 m². Customs warehouses 2000m ². In Arkhangelsk port is the only container terminal in the North, including the open space area of 98,000 m², which can contain 5762 TEUs at the same time, including up to 200 reefer containers and 2,200 containers with dangerous goods. Bandwidth container terminal 75000 TEUs per year.</p><br>
<p>Mount Irvine is a mountain in the Sierra Nevada of California. The summit is in Inyo National Forest and the John Muir Wilderness. The peak was named in memory of Andrew Irvine, of the 1924 British Mount Everest expedition, who perished on Mount Everest, June, 1924. Norman Clyde proposed Irvines and George H. Leigh Mallorys names following their loss after attaining the highest altitude reached by a mountaineer.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Mount Irvine is located southeast of Mount Whitney, and is flanked to the south by Mount Mallory. The summit is a quarter mile east of the Sierra Crest, in Inyo County.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing</h2><br>
<p>There are several routes typically used to climb Mount Irvine. The southeast slope, reached from Richins Pass, presents the most obvious route, but the mountain is often climbed in conjunction with Mount Mallory by way of a traverse.</p><br>
<p>St. Michaels Catholic Church is a historic Roman Catholic church near Cedar Hill, Tennessee, United States. St. Michaels is the oldest Catholic church in continuous operation in Tennessee. Its building incorporates a log cabin structure built in 1842 that is the oldest Catholic church building in the state. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The founding congregants of the church were four families who settled near Turnersville between 1838 and 1840. They bought an acre (0.40 ha) of land from the nearby Wessyngton plantation to build a church. The original log meetinghouse, which measured 22 ft by 32 ft, was completed in 1842 and dedicated on the Feast of the Apparition of St. Michael, May 8, 1842. When the church was built, its location was a stagecoach stop on the route between Nashville and Clarksville.</p><br>
<p>From 1846 to 1855, the church operated a boarding school, Saint Michael&#39;s Male and Female Academy, located near the church. In 1864–5, the priest who served the church was Father Abram Ryan, who has been called "the poet-priest of the Confederacy".</p><br>
<p>In 1934–5, the log structure was sheathed with clapboard siding obtained from the dismantlement of an Episcopal church at Glen Raven and the building received a major addition, giving it a T-shaped plan. A bell tower was added to the front of the building in 1942, the church&#39;s centennial year. The bell that hangs in the tower came from the same church that provided the siding.</p><br>
<p>St. Michaels was the only Roman Catholic parish in Robertson County until 1944, when Our Lady of Lourdes church was formed in Springfield. St. Michaels now operates as a mission church of Our Lady of Lourdes. The church building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 10, 1973.</p><br>
<p>St Marys Anglican Church, often called now St Marys-on-the-Cliffs, is a heritage-listed churchyard at 433, 447 & 449 Main Street, Kangaroo Point, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Richard George Suter and built in 1873 by Alfred Grant. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992. Kangaroo Point Cliffs Park was constructed to the churchs south in 2010 and a gateway allows park users to visit the churchs grounds.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Church of St Marys, Kangaroo Point was built in 1873 by Alfred Grant to a design by diocesan architect Richard G Suter. It replaced a timber structure built in 1849 on land closer to the river. In 1892 a cyclone caused considerable damage to the churchs roof and bellcote. Stone structures on the northern external aspect of the chancel indicate that the building is incomplete and a vestry or bell tower may have been intended for that site.</p><br>
<p>The pipe organ is the oldest in Queensland, dating from the early nineteenth century and built by H.C. Lincoln (1789-1864). It was imported from a London church in 1876 and further stops were added in the 1961 by the Brisbane firm Whitehouse & Brothers. It is now maintained by Pierce Pipe Organs and plans are afoot for its complete restoration at some future date.</p><br>
<p>The church hall was built in 1879 but has been substantially modernised. The rectory, designed by diocesan architect John Hingeston Buckeridge, was completed in 1889.</p><br>
<p>St Marys was patronized by the governors when they resided at Old Government House. It has always been the naval chapel in Queensland and was once connected by stairs with the Naval Stores below the quarry face. The Warriors Chapel, dedicated in 1950, contains a memorial to those who died on in 1964. There are also a number of naval commemorative plaques and monuments in the church gardens.</p><br>
<p>Following the death in 1926 of former rector and World War I army chaplain, the Reverend William Maitland Woods, a bell tower (separate to the church building) was erected to his memory. The belltower is dedicated to Woods on a plaque and by inscriptions engraved on the bells.</p><br>
<p>The Warriors&#39; Chapel, dedicated in 1950, contains a memorial to those who died on in 1964. There are also a number of naval commemorative plaques and monuments in the church gardens.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>St Mary&#39;s is a neo-Gothic style church built on a prominent riverside site above the Kangaroo Point quarries. Constructed of Brisbane tuff or porphyry, it is cruciform in shape, but with shallow transepts and a faceted sanctuary bay. The gable roof, originally timber shingled, is now in ribbed galvanized iron. It is surmounted by a small stone bellcote at the front gable.</p><br>
<p>In the interior, the nave is unlined, and timber trusses, resting on small masonry pillars, support the roof. The sanctuary is lined with plaster and its ceiling features three paintings by the noted artist R. Godfrey Rivers.</p><br>
<p>The hall is a timber structure on concrete stumps. Cruciform in shape with a proscenium stage, it has a gabled corrugated iron roof surmounted by a central ventilation lantern.</p><br>
<p>The rectory is a large single-storey brick residence with verandahs on three sides. It stands on brick piers with honeycomb infill. Entry is through a gabled frontispiece. The verandah has timber posts and balusters. A number of bays on the rear verandah add to the complexity of the corrugated roof which is a series of hips and gables.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>St Mary&#39;s Anglican Church was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria:</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>St Mary&#39;s Anglican Church is significant as having always been the naval chapel in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>St Mary&#39;s Anglican Church contains the oldest pipe organ in Queensland and the religious art of Godfrey Rivers.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>St Mary&#39;s Anglican Church is an early and intact religious precinct of church, hall and rectory and is one of the only two surviving stone churches designed by RG Suter.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>St Marys Anglican Church is an early and intact religious precinct of church, hall and rectory and is one of the only two surviving stone churches designed by RG Suter.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The building remains as an historical and visual landmark in Kangaroo Point.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>St Mary&#39;s Anglican Church is significant as having always been the naval chapel in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>St Mary&#39;s Anglican Church is an early and intact religious precinct of church, hall and rectory and is one of the only two surviving stone churches designed by RG Suter.</p><br>
